A gelatin phantom containing an optically scattering funnel-shaped region of elevated optical density (OD) was used to examine light-scattering-induced artefacts in a cone-beam optical CT scanner used for gel dosimetry. To simulate polymer gel dosimeters, the opacity was introduced by adding a colloidal scatterer to the gelatin. Scatter results in an underestimate of OD (hence dose). In line pr...

Received February 26, 2007, from the Department of Radiology, Bronx Lebanon Hospital, Bronx, New York USA. Revision requested March 16, 2007. Revised manuscript accepted for publication March 26, 2007. Address correspondence to Helen Morehouse, MD, Department of Radiology, Bronx Lebanon Hospital, 1650 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY 10457 USA. E-mail: [email protected] ome expertise as well as h...

Terahertz (THz) radiation lies between the microwave and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. THz radiation excites intermolecular interactions and is non-ionising making it a viable tool for medical imaging. This thesis describes the development and validation of spectroscopic methods for diagnosis of tissue pathologies at THz wavelengths. Theoretical techniques were developed to ...

With the growing use of ultrasound for pain management, we are interested in how to teach and practice ultrasound-guided procedures. Ethically, we should not insert a needle in a patient until after much practice on a phantom. Several types of phantoms have been introduced for ultrasound training, including water, agar/gelatin, elastomeric rubber, and meat phantoms and cadavers. The ideal phant...

In minimally invasive surgery or needle insertion procedures, the ultrasound imaging can easily and safely be used to visualize the target to reach. However the manual stabilization of the view of this target, which undergoes the physiological motions of the patient, can be a challenge for the surgeon. In this paper, we propose to perform this stabilization with a robotic arm equipped with a 2D...

Introduction: Three physical conditions caused an external beam designated as a small field. The first is the loss of lateral charged particle equilibrium. The second is the effect of collimators on the primary photon source occlusion. The third condition is the size of the detector which is large compared to the field size. The most obvious perturbation effects in last condit...

We demonstrate the ability to image multiple nanoparticle-based contrast agents simultaneously using a nanophosphor platform excited by either radiopharmaceutical or X-ray irradiation. These radioluminescent nanoparticles emit optical light at unique wavelengths depending on their lanthanide dopant, enabling multiplexed imaging. This study demonstrates the separation of two distinct nanophospho...

An optimal measurement selection strategy based on incoherence among rows (corresponding to measurements) of the sensitivity (or weight) matrix for the near infrared diffuse optical tomography is proposed. As incoherence among the measurements can be seen as providing maximum independent information into the estimation of optical properties, this provides high level of optimization required for...

The inverse problem in the diffuse optical tomography is known to be nonlinear, ill-posed, and sometimes under-determined, requiring regularization to obtain meaningful results, with Tikhonov-type regularization being the most popular one. The choice of this regularization parameter dictates the reconstructed optical image quality and is typically chosen empirically or based on prior experience...