This review simply and systematically summarizes the general trend between chemical structure toxicity of ionic liquids across biological species. It also provides strategies for development low-toxicity liquids.

the essential oils of the aerial parts of a. armeniaca and a. incana , collected from arasbaran area (east azarbaijan province, iran) were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc-ms. in total, 16 and 40 constituents were identified and quantified in the oils of a. armeniaca and a. incana representing 80.5% and 84.6% of the oils, respectively. the essential oil of a. armeniaca was main...

High dose selection is a key methodological element in general toxicity studies of medicines. It determines the informative value study results, compliance with principles ethical and rational use experimental animals, accuracy predicting safety new medicines for human use. The literature data regulatory experience evaluating preclinical results suggest that an inappropriate high very common er...