This study proposes a combination of a fuzzy sliding mode controller (FSMC) with integral-proportion-Derivative switching surface based superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and PID tuned by a multi-objective optimization algorithm to solve the load frequency control in power systems. The goal of design is to improve the dynamic response of power systems after load demand changes. In t...

This paper deals with a novel method for solving optimal control problems based on genetic programming. This approach produces some trial solutions and seeks the best of them. If the solution cannot be expressed in a closed analytical form then our method produces an approximation with a controlled level of accuracy. Using numerical examples, we will demonstrate how to use the results.

Leaf senescence constitutes the last stage of leaf development in plants and proceeds through a highly regulated program in order to redistribution of micro- and macro-nutrients from the senescing leaves to the developing/growing plant organs. Initiation and progression of leaf senescence is accompanied by massive sequential alterations at various levels of leaf biology including leaf morpholog...