Intestinal microbiota is a key component of both the metabolism and immunity. These can be helpful in healthcare, especially for the management of digestive diseases and food-borne illnesses. Through genetic engineering it is possible to fully express biologically active copies of such powerful molecules from food and commensal bacteria. Genetically engineered probiotics can be used to treat in...

Probiotic micro-organisms have been used for many years. Originating as food supplements, they are now most often administered orally and offer an attractive alternative for treating of intestinal disorders. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which these micro-organisms act has now opened up possibilities for designing new probiotic strains. Through genetic engineering, it is possible ...

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths and is characterized by dismal prognosis. Xenograft and genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models have recapitulated critical elements of human pancreatic cancer, providing useful tools to probe the underlying cause of cancer etiology. In this review, we provide a brief description of the common genetic lesions that occur during the...

The technologyneeded to geneticallyengineer antibodiesis evolving rapidly and the potential utility of these novel re-agents is being explored with vigor. The process includes cloningof the antibodygenes, their in vitromanipulationand mutagenesis, expression in a suitable host/vectorsystem, and, for commercial production,scale-up, purification,and productevaluation.At each step, significantadva...