Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS) is a common condition amongst active large breed dogs with a complex aetiopathogenesis. Large-breed dogs, especially the German Shepherd (GSD), Retrievers and active or working dogs (Police, military or sporting dogs), are the most commonly affected by DLSS. Affected dogs are generally mature (mean age 5 1⁄2 years), and are predominantly heavier than 25 ...

· Growth hormone (GH), which is essential for growth · Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), which regulates thyroid function · Prolactin (PRL), which is essential for lactation · Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH), which are essential for ovulation in female animals and sperm production in male animals · Adrenocorticotroph hormone (ACTH), which stimulates the adrenal ...

concurrent disorders with diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging subject. our knowledge of the most common concurrent disorders in diabetic dogs may be useful in diagnosis of these disorders and better treatment of diabetic dogs. in this study diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in a 7-year-old male german shepherd dog, based on clinical and laboratory findings. following the diagnosis of...

An epidemiological survey undertaken in Kenya indicated that 2 previously well-established factors, namely decline in reproductive efficiency with age, and non-seasonality of canine reproductive parameters, hold true for German shepherd (GSD) bitches in Kenya. Data collection forms were distributed to randomly selected GSD breeders and information so obtained was verified using East African Ken...

Sixty clinically normal German shepherd dogs, 31 males and 29 females, ranging in age from 1 and 5 years and with a body weight ranging from 22 to 37.2 kg, were examined by the two-dimensional mode, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiography. In Doppler mode, the mitral valve flows were obtained, where the aim was to determine the velocity peaks and ratios of the E and A waves and the mitral E wave d...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate vertical forces in the pads of German Shepherd dogs by relative percentage among total limb vertical forces using a pressure sensitive walkway. PROCEDURE A pressure sensitive walkway was used to collect vertical force data for each pad of the limbs of 16 healthy client-owned German Shepherd dogs used for kinetic gait analysis. The vertical force for each pad was evaluate...

The study of the influence game behavior on mental state service dogs’ puppies German and Belgian (Malinois) shepherd breeds was conducted. experimental control groups included different ages - from 1-2 months to 3-6 months. were trained with use educational games for young dogs, did not have such training. As a result 6-month study, it proved that younger group showed best results in 2 4 tests...

A 6-year survey (1 October 2006 – 1 October 2012) on the prevalence of developmental skeletal abnormalities in dogs was performed based on patients’ records of the Small Animal Clinic to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine – Stara Zagora, Bulgaria. From the total number of 6,097 dogs with surgical disorders, developmental skeletal disorders were diagnosed in 230 dogs (3.78%). The incidence of di...

Although the biology and ecology of the arthropod vectors are different, some factors, such as global warming, the increasing abundance of mosquitoes, the movement of domestic hosts, and the abundance of wild reservoirs, can act as favourable factors for the distribution of infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Dirofilaria immitis infection in shepherd dogs living...