The GK rat model of type 2 diabetes is especially convenient to dissect the pathogenic mechanism necessary for the emergence of overt diabetes because all adult rats obtained in our department (GK/Par colony) to date have stable basal mild hyperglycemia and because overt diabetes is preceded by a period of normoglycemia, ranging from birth to weaning. The purpose of this article is to sum up th...

Insulin resistance associated with Type 2 diabetes contributes to impaired vasorelaxation. Previously, we showed the phosphorylation of myosin-bound phosphatase substrate MYPT1, a marker of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contraction, was negatively regulated by Akt (protein kinase B) phosphorylation in response to insulin stimulation. In this study we examined the role of Akt phosphoryl...

In an attempt to study the role of glucokinase (GK) and the effects of glucose and peptides on GK gene expression and on the activity of this enzyme in the hypothalamus, we used two kinds of biological models: hypothalamic GT1-7 cells and rat hypothalamic slices. The expression of the GK gene in GT1-7 cells was reduced by insulin (INS) and was not modified by different glucose concentrations, w...

Let G be a finite group and let $GK(G)$ be the prime graph of G. We assume that $n$ is an odd number. In this paper, we show that if $GK(G)=GK(B_n(p))$, where $ngeq 9$ and $pin {3,5,7}$, then G has a unique nonabelian composition factor isomorphic to $B_n(p)$ or $C_n(p)$ . As consequences of our result, $B_n(p)$ is quasirecognizable by its spectrum and also by a new proof, the ...

Despite the fact that urogenito-sexual complications significantly impact the quality of life of diabetic patients, a robust in vivo experimental model is lacking. Bladder and erectile function in the Type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat and responses to standard-of-care treatments for each disorder have been assessed. GK rats (n = 25, 18-wk-old, GK/Par colony) and age-matched Wistar rats (n ...

Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) equation is the first cell computing model in the world and pioneered the use of model to study electrophysiological problems. The model consists of four differential equations which are based on the experimental data of ion channels. Maximal conductance is an important characteristic of different channels. In this study, mathematical method is used to investigate the import...

The Goto-Kakisaki (GK) rat is a genetic model of type 2 diabetes obtained by selective inbreeding of mildly glucose-intolerant Wistar rats. Previous studies have shown that at birth, the -cell mass of the GK rat is severely reduced compared with that of the Wistar rat. Therefore, -cell deficit could be the primary defect leading to type 2 diabetes in this model. To identify the abnormality at t...

Glucokinase (GK), a glucose sensor, maintains plasma glucose homeostasis via phosphorylation of glucose and is a potential therapeutic target for treating maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI). To characterize the catalytic mechanism of glucose phosphorylation by GK, we combined molecular modeling, molecular dynamics (MD) simu...

The Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat is a new model of diabetes mellitus and in this study we have characterized the diabetic and growth hormone (GH) secretory status of male GK rats at 6 and 16 weeks of age. We have also investigated the role of endogenous somatostatin (SS) and cholinergic manipulation on the GH responses to GH-releasing hormone (GHRH). GK rats were non-obese with significant fasting hy...

The Goto Kakizaki (GK) rat is a widely used animal model to study defective glucose-stimulated insulin release in type-2 diabetes (T2D). As in T2D patients, the expression of several proteins involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of insulin-containing large dense-core vesicles is dysregulated in this model. So far, a defect in late steps of insulin secretion could not be demonstrated. To reso...