An afterimage induced by prior adaptation to a visual stimulus is believed to be due to bleaching of photochemical pigments or neural adaptation in the retina. We report a type of afterimage that appears to require cortical adaptation. Fixating a neon-color spreading configuration led not only to negative afterimages corresponding to the inducers (local afterimages), but also to one correspondi...

Despite growing recognition of the importance of climate change adaptation, few global estimates of the costs involved are available for the water supply sector. We present a methodology for estimating partial global and regional adaptation costs for raw industrial and domestic water supply, for a limited number of adaptation strategies, and apply the method using results of two climate models....

Software adaptation aims at generating software pieces called adaptors to compensate interface and behavioural mismatch between components or services. This is crucial to foster reuse. So far, adaptation techniques have proceeded by computing global adaptors for closed systems made up of a fixed set of components. This is not satisfactory when the systems may evolve, with components entering or...