Calmodulin (CaM) has been recognized as an obligate subunit for many ion channels in which its function has not been clearly established. Because channel subunits associate early during channel biosynthesis, CaM may provide a mechanism for Ca(2+)-dependent regulation of channel formation. Here we show that CaM is a constitutive component of KCNQ1 K+ channels, the most commonly mutated long-QT s...

Edema factor (EF), a key anthrax exotoxin, has an anthrax protective antigen-binding domain (PABD) and a calmodulin (CaM)-activated adenylyl cyclase domain. Here, we report the crystal structures of CaM-bound EF, revealing the architecture of EF PABD. CaM has N- and C-terminal domains and each domain can bind two calcium ions. Calcium binding induces the conformational change of CaM from closed...

The multiobjective optimization of Slide-o-Cam is reported in this paper. Slide-o-Cam is a cam mechanism with multiple rollers mounted on a common translating follower. This transmission provides pure-rolling motion, thereby reducing the friction of rack-and-pinions and linear drives. A Pareto frontier is obtained by means of multiobjective optimization. This optimization is based on three obje...

The aim of this paper is to depict the design of a two finger parallel gripper which implements a cam-follower type transmission. This transmission is based in Slide-O-Cam, a cam mechanism with multiple rollers mounted in a common follower whose purpose is to produce a sliding motion from a rotating drive or vice versa. This transmission provides pure-rolling motion, thereby minimizing friction...

One of the technology products that have taken an important place in our lives from past to present is power and motion transfer elements. Power elements are very for users terms facilitating work transfer, easing workload based on people ergonomics. basic building blocks these transmission systems cam mechanisms. Cam mechanisms consisting mainly followers cams; It performs a complementary task...