introduction: anxiety is among the most common and treatable mental disorders. adrenergic and cannabinoid systems have an important role in the neurobiology of anxiety. the elevated plus-maze (epm) has broadly been used to investigate anxiolytic and anxiogenic compounds. the present study investigated the effects of intraperitoneal (ip) injection of cannabinoid cb1 receptor antagonist (am251) i...

Objective: GLP-1R (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor) agonists are increasingly used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, with additional body weight reducing effects. Long-term administration has demonstrated cardioprotective effects, but mechanism cardiovascular protection is not currently known. Several studies humans and animal models have shown suppression intestinal CM (c...

Glucagon is a pancreatic hormone that plays pivotal roles in regulating glucose homeostasis and metabolism. Glucagon exerts its action by binding to its receptor, glucagon receptor (GCGR), one of class B G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Diabetes is a bihormonal disease in which excessive glucagon secretion is a major contributor in the pathogenesis of this disease; elucidation of how glucag...

Hypoglycemia provokes a multifaceted counterregulatory response involving the sympathoadrenal system, stimulation of glucagon secretion, and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis that is commonly impaired in diabetes. We examined whether modulation of inhibitory input from gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), a major glucose-sensing region within the brain, pl...

background uterine leiomyoma (uls) is the most common gynecological tumor and a significant health concern for many women .the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (il-1ra) is a naturally occurring cytokine inhibiting interleukin- 1 (il-1) activity by binding to the il-1 receptors without signal transduction. objectives the aim of this study was to investigate the association between interleukin-1...

a series of angiotensin ii (a ii) receptor antagonist of some substituted 5-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl) pyrazole were subjected to qsar analysis using hansch and fujita-ban model, by using combination of thermodynamic, electronic, spatial descriptor and presence or absence of substituent respectively. several qsar model were obtained using stepwise regression analysis. two models from both the method...

BACKGROUND Neuropathy is believed to be a common feature of functional and inflammatory intestinal diseases. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is an acknowledged neuroprotective agent in peripheral, including enteric, and central neurons. The proglucagon-like hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 and 2 (GLP1 and GLP2) belong to the secretin/glucagon/VIP superfamily of peptides and GLP1 and GLP2 re...

objective: argemone mexicana is a papaveracea plant; some reports have shown their antibacterial, anti-cancer, sedative and probably anti-anxiety properties. from their aerial parts, flavonoids and alkaloids have been isolated, which are intrinsically related to some actions on the central nervous system. the aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic-like effects of the plant, using its ...

In the present study, the effects of different doses of nicotine on immobility time in mice were tested. Intraperitioneal administration of low doses of nicotine (0.025 mg/kg) decreased, but higher doses (0.8 and 1 mg/kg) increased immobility time. The anti-immobility response induced by low doses of nicotine was inhibited by high doses of the D2 receptor antagonist sulpiride, the central nicot...