The relative carbon isotope content (V13C value) in each position of glucose from a C4 plant (maize starch) and a C3 plant (sugar beet sucrose) has been determined by stepwise chemical and biochemical degradation of the molecule and stable isotope ratio measurement of the fragments. The suitability of the degradation methods has been tested through their chemical yield and isotope balance. The ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neutral-pH, low-glucose degradation products solutions were developed in an attempt to lessen the adverse effects of conventional peritoneal dialysis solutions. A systematic review was performed evaluating the effect of these solutions on residual renal function, urine volume, peritoneal ultrafiltration, and peritoneal small-solute transport (dialysate to plasma creati...

Glyceraldehyde (GLA) was determined in glucose degradation and glycation. GLA was detected as a decahydroacridine-1,8-dione derivative on reversed phase HPLC using cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatizing reagent. The glucose-derived GLA level was higher than the glycation-derived GLA level, because GLA was converted to intermediates and advanced glycation end products (AGE) in glycation. GLA was als...

background: the presence of chemical compounds has different effects on the rate of degradation of materials and on changing dominant microorganisms in the biological degradation processes. these effects are related to the type and concentration of compounds. this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of glucose as a growth substrate on phenol removal efficiency and micro...

BACKGROUND Furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are the degradation products of lignocellulose during pretreatment operations and significantly inhibit the consequent enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes. The biodetoxification fungus Amorphotheca resinae ZN1 had demonstrated its excellent capacity on degrading lignocellulose derived inhibitors and helped the fermentation proces...

Commercial, glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solutions have deleterious effects on leukocytes and mesothelial cells that contribute to an impaired peritoneal defense. However, the molecular mechanisms of these deleterious effects are poorly understood. The effect of PD solutions on neutrophil viability, the molecular mechanisms of cell death, its functional consequences, and the poss...

INTRODUCTION Continuous exposition of the peritoneal membrane to conventional dialysis solutions is an important risk factor for inducing structural and functional alterations. OBJECTIVE To compare in vitro mouse fibroblast NIH-3T3 cell viability after exposition to a neutral pH dialysis solution in comparison to cells exposed to a standard solution. METHODS Experimental study to compare th...

Obesity is associated with increased fibrinogen production and fibrin formation, which produces fibrin degradation products (FDP-E and FDP-D). Fibrin and FDPs both contribute to inflammation, which would be expected to suppress glucose uptake and insulin signaling in adipose tissue, yet the effect of FDP-E and FDP-D on adipocyte function and glucose disposal is completely unknown. We tested the...

Ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to elucidate xylose and glucose degradation pathways. In the case of xylose, a 2,5-anhydride intermediate was observed leading to the formation of furfural through elimination of water. This pathway agrees with one of the mechanisms proposed in the literature in that no open chain intermediates were found. In the case of glucose, a ser...