OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of 2 widely used topical alpha-hydroxy acids at low concentrations, 8% glycolic acid and 8% lactic (L-isoform) acid creams, in the treatment of photodamaged skin. DESIGN A single-center, 22-week, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, randomized clinical trial assessed the overall severity of photodamage on the faces and forearms of volunteers, b...

A series of lactic/glycolic acid polymers with various molar ratios of lactic to glycolic acid and various molecular weights were synthesized using the ring-opening polymerization method. The polymerization conditions for the lactic/glycolic acid polymer synthesis were as follows: 150 degrees C, 700 microm Hg, 3 h, 0.03 wt% of catalyst (stannous 2-ethyl-hexanoate) concentration. The molecular w...

Hydrogen (H) bonds are of fundamental importance in a wide range of molecular sciences. While the study of two-center H-bonding AH is well advanced, much remains to be learned in a quantitative and definitive manner for complexes with multiple H-bonds. Exemplary cases are in the category of alpha hydroxy carboxylic acids, i.e., the complexes of glycolic acid with water and formic acid. In glyco...

Chlorella pyrenoidosa were allowed to photosynthesize for short periods of time in the presence of (14)CO(2) and HTO. Analysis of tritium and (14)C labeling of photosynthetic intermediate compounds showed that the T/(14)C ratio of glycolic acid was comparable to that of intermediate compounds of the photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle when photosynthesis was performed in nearly 100% oxygen an...

present study deals with the adsorption of glycolic acid (ga) from aqueous solutions by using bagasse fly ash (bfa). bfa is a solid waste generated from bagasse fired boilers and can be used as an adsorbent. batch adsorption studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of various parameters like adsorbent dose, contact time, initial concentration and temperature on the removal of ga from aq...

background: disulfiram is oral aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) inhibitor that has been used in the treatment of alcoholism. recent studies show that this drug has anticancer properties; however, its rapid degradation has limited its clinical application. encapsulation of disulfiram polymeric nanoparticles (nps) may improve its anticancer activities and protect rapid degradation of the drug. mater...

A wide variety of plants contains enzymes capable of rapidly oxidizing l-lactic, glycolic, and glyoxylic acids (1). Although the enzyme oxidizing glycolic acid was found in the green parts of many plants, it was absent from roots and etiolated seedlings. However, the active enzyme could be obtained from etiolated barley or bean seedlings that had been illuminated for several hours. This suggest...

An enzyme catalyzing the oxidation of I-cr-hydroxymonocarboxylic acids has been reported earlier (1). It oxidizes glycolic acid (optimum pH range 7.8 to 8.6) about three times as rapidly as Z-lactic acid (optimum pH 7.6). The enzyme is of particular interest because of its high activity, its wide distribution among green plants, its absence from etiolated plants, its unusually low energy of act...