background and aims. various methods are used to measure the size and form of the teeth, including the golden proportion, and the width-to-length ratio of central teeth, referred to as the golden standard. the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of golden standard values and golden proportion in the anterior teeth. materials and methods. photographs of 100 dentistry students (50 ma...

This study introduces an effective population-based optimization algorithm, namely the Golden Search Optimization Algorithm (GSO), for numerical function optimization. The new algorithm has a simple but strategy solving complex problems. GSO starts with random possible solutions called objects, which interact each other based on mathematical model to reach global optimum. To provide fine balanc...

We propose a generalization of the golden section based on division in mean and extreme ratio. The associated integer sequences have many interesting properties. 1. GENERALIZED GOLDEN RATIOS There have been many generalizations of the number known as golden ratio or golden section, φ = 1+ √ 5 2 . Examples are G.A. Moore’s golden numbers [10] and S. Bradley’s nearly golden sections [5] (see also...