In our course of screening for novel proteasome inhibitors, TMC-95A and its diastereomers, TMC-95Bto D, were isolated from the fermentation broth of Apiospora montagnei Sacc. TC 1093. TMC-95Ainhibited the chymotrypsin-like (ChT-L), trypsin-like (TL), and peptidylglutamyl-peptide hydrolyzing (PGPH) activities of 20S proteasome with IC50 values of 5.4nM, 200nM, and 60nM, respectively. TMC-95Binhi...

The taxonomy of Armillaria in southern South America has received little attention since the work of Singer and others. In this study we examine the morphological traits and cultural features for taxa representing the lineages revealed based on molecular phylogeny, and we link them to previously described taxa based on morphology. Lineages I-IV were identified as Armillaria novae-zelandiae, A. ...

Objectives: Lichen is a stable mutually beneficial organism. Composed of fungi, Mycobiont united with algae, phycobiont or cyanobacteria. Since the ancient period, extract derived from Lichens utilized in medication numerous diseases. An attempt was made to isolate and structure elucidation erythrin, biologically active compound corticolous lichen Roccella montagnei, analyze antimicrobial antio...

We consider the long time behavior of the semidiscrete scheme for the Perona-Malik equation in dimension one. We prove that approximated solutions converge, in a slow time scale, to solutions of a limit problem. This limit problem evolves piecewise constant functions by moving their plateaus in the vertical direction according to a system of ordinary differential equations. Our convergence resu...

• The strength and consistency of genotypic differences in disease resistance determine the potential for resistance evolution in host populations that rely on vegetative reproduction. Here we surveyed infection intensity of host genotypes across space and time to estimate genotypic and environmental effects on quantitative disease resistance. • Cloned fragments of 12 Euthamia graminifolia geno...