The human endometrium undergoes cyclic change during each menstrual cycle in response to gonadal steroids. Proteolysis of endometrial extracellular matrix (ECM) is necessary to prepare this dynamic tissue for pregnancy. Proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and closely related a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) have been assigned key rol...

Knowledge of normal gonadal hormone production and function provides the basis for understanding the ovarian pathologic effects resulting from perturbations in endocrine balance and feedback. A precisely timed, complex, and well-coordinated cascade of ovarian steroidogenesis accompanies normal cyclical follicular function. This cascade involves both estrogens and androgens. Alterations in the h...

Salivary  gland  tumors  accounts  for  less  than  1%  of  all  tumors.  Minor  salivary  gland  tumors (MSGTs) are uncommon and make up about 10% of all salivary gland neoplasms. The clinical and histopathological distribution of these tumors vary geographically. A case of a 38 yr old man with a minor salivary gland mass at chin region isreported here. The tumor invaded into the anterior ...

background: gastrointestinal stromal tumors (gists) constitute the majority of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors. they usually express a proto-oncogen protein called cd117 detected by immunohistochemistry. this study investigated the differentiation of gists as well as the risk of aggressive behaviors in gists from surgically-treated patients in university affiliated hospitals.   methods: the...

leydig stromal cell tumor is a rare ovarian tumor that belongs to the group of sex-cord stromal tumors. they produce testosterone leading to hyperandrogenism. we present a 41yr old woman with symptoms of virilization and a mass of right adenex via ultra sonography, and a rise of total and free serum testosterone. an ovarian source of androgen was suspected and a surgery performed. a diagnosis o...

The endometrial stromal nodule is a benign tumor composed of differentiated endometrial stromal cells arranged as a well circumscribed nodule with smooth non-invasive margins. They are rare neoplasms, diagnosed in most instances by microscopy. Although nodules are benign in nature, hysterectomy is the treatment of choice to enable evaluation of the tumor margins which are well demarcated in...