In this paper, we look into how country-specific factors shape the interrelationship between childbearing and women's labor supply. To this end, we compare Italy and Poland, two low-fertility countries where the country-specific obstacles to work and family reconciliation are similarly strong but which differ in the history of women's labor supply and the extent to which couples' material aspir...

During the past years, environmental protection and adopting countermeasures against climate change have been on agenda of many East African countries, as well western nations, although a common challenge confronted by policymakers is directing young people’s interest toward environment. Therefore, purpose this paper to explore impact certain factors that can be adopted government bodies strate...

The world is rapidly converging towards lower fertility: in 2020, countries with a total fertility rate of less than 2.25 will encompass more three-quarters the population. This implies that determinants childbearing be increasingly similar high-income and middle-income regions world. In this article, I discuss economic demography relation to levels childbearing. How do different societies dist...

With increased privatization of natural resource regulation, green or sustainable public procurement policies are emerging as incentives for sustainable development. Thus, a revival of governmental influences on so-called non-state, market-driven governance systems takes place. The paper exemplifies this development by reference to the green public procurement directives for wood products in Ge...

OBJECTIVE To survey public attitudes about incentives for smoking cessation in pregnancy and for breast feeding to inform trial design. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS British general public. METHODS Seven promising incentive strategies had been identified from evidence syntheses and qualitative interview data from service users and providers. These were shopping v...

This article examines the interplay between school factors and teacher job satisfaction that influences educational outcomes by comparing two Non-governmental Organisation (NGO) schools in Cambodia. This small-scale qualitative case study was conducted over a period of eight weeks in 2005 in two NGO schools in a suburb of Phnom Penh. The findings show that teacher job satisfaction is crucially ...

How effective are governmental incentives to achieve widespread vaccination coverage so as to prevent epidemic outbreak? The answer largely depends on the complex interplay among the type of incentive, individual behavioral responses, and the intrinsic epidemic dynamics. By incorporating evolutionary games into epidemic dynamics, we investigate the effects of two types of incentives strategies:...

This study develops an empirical model of adolescent premarital childbearing which emphasizes the influence of opportunity costs. The model estimates determinants of premarital pregnancy, the choice to abort or carry to term, and whether a marriage occurs before the birth. The sample is from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. The long-run opportunity costs are the predicted effects of p...

This paper examines the impacts of governmental incentives for coal-fired power plants to generate renewable energy via biomass cofiring technology. The most common incentive is the production tax credit (PTC), a flat rate reimbursement for each unit of renewable energy generated. The work presented here proposes PTC alternatives, incentives that are functions of plant capacity and the biomass ...