Carrier phase based GPS applications with centimeter accuracy have become more popular over the last years, not only in surveying. First investigations are accomplished in sports sciences as well. However, most geodetic GPS equipment is too large and too heavy for attaching it at the athletes body. Using the potential of miniaturized electronics, a special GPS receiver for ski jumping was devel...

Kalman filtering theory plays an important role in integrated GPS/INS georeference system design. A Kalman filter (KF) uses measurement updates to correct system states error and to limit the errors in navigation solutions. However, only when the system dynamic and measurement models are correctly defined, and the noise statistics for the process are completely known, a KF can optimally estimat...

This paper applies two Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, fuzzy logic and expert system, to enhance the Kalman filter-based MEMS INS/GPS integration. For better INS error control, the expert knowledge on vehicle dynamics is utilized to simplify dynamics models and to extend measurement update schemes in the velocity filter. To optimize position fusion, a fuzzy inference system is develope...

Global navigation satellite systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) is one of the most important sensors for movement analysis. GPS is widely used to record the trajectories of vehicles, animals and human beings. However, all GPS movement data are affected by both measurement and interpolation errors. In this article we show that measurement error causes a systematic bias in distanc...

GPS receivers are widely used in navigation and positioning, due to the global availability of GPS signals, its low cost and low power consumption. However, it does not work sufficiently in all signal environments. This raises the need to integrate GPS with other sensor systems (for instance, the inertial navigation system (INS)) to have a robust, continuous navigation solution regardless of th...

Optical frequency combs can be employed over a broad spectral range to calibrate laser frequency or vacuum wavelength. This article describes procedures and techniques utilized in the Precision Engineering Division of NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) for comb-based calibration of laser wavelength, including a discussion of ancillary measurements such as determining the mode...

tectonic processes are major factors controlling landform development in tectonically active areas. in order to evaluate quantitative measurement of tectonic activities in the alamarvdasht basin in the south of iran, six different morphological indices including stream-gradient index (sl), drainage basin asymmetry (af), hypsometric integral (hi), valley floor width-valley height ratio (vf), dra...

Applications of unmanned vehicles can increase combat effectiveness and personnel safety. These include reconnaissance, surveillance, target acquisition, logistics, minefield and other obstacle detection, explosive disposal, physical security, and operations in contaminated environments. Better communication and GPS technologies are necessary for a convoy of unmanned vehicles to accurately foll...

Cooperative trajectory mapping is an emerging technique that allows users to create such a map by using data that is collected from each other’s mobile phones. This technique has been proposed for many applications, such as people localization, public transportation tracking, and traffic monitoring. Unlike the traditional GPS, cooperative trajectory mapping only requires information about the d...