What is mathematical logic? Mathematical logic is the application of mathematical techniques to logic. What is logic? I believe I am following the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle when I say that logic is the (correct) rearranging of facts to find the information that we want. Logic has two aspects: formal and informal. In a sense logic belongs to everyone although we often accuse others of ...

The exegesis of canonical philosophical texts – mostly Plato and Aristotle was part parcel the late antique way doing philosophy. This led to a rich tradition commentaries for related purposes teaching research. syllogistic presentation arguments contained in source often considered as an important commentator’s job. Often, but not always, reconstruction used demonstrate consistency logical cog...

Acknowledgements I would like to thank some people who were involved in the creation of this thesis: • Berry Schoenmakers of TU Eindhoven for introducing me to the topic of cryptographic voting protocols. • Evangelos Karatsiolis for his work in guiding me through the process of writing this thesis and his constant motivation. • Roberto Samarone Araujo for hours of discussing various protocols w...

The 20th century has witnessed a vertiginous development of logic: a discipline that traditionally belonged to the domain of philosophy, but whose recent development is due to the use of mathematics as its meta-language. Considered as one of the greatest of Greek gifts to humanity, logic is now essential as the foundational model for Computer Science. Some scholars assimilate Mathematics and Lo...

Burt Hopkins’ magnum opus details the conceptual origination of the logic of symbolic mathematics as investigated by Edmund Husserl and Jacob Klein, with a special focus of the latter’s Die griechische Logistik und die Entstehung der Algebra that appeared in two parts in 1934 and 1936, and in English translation in 1968 as Greek Mathematical Thought and the Origin of Algebra. The main thesis of...

The modern methods for power system load and energy prediction are usually based on artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic, which present satisfactory results. However, the estimation of the confidence intervals can not be applied directly, unlike to the classical forecasting methods. The objective of this paper is to present an optimized fuzzy logic method for midterm energy forecasting, w...

Prior Analytics by the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384– 322 BCE) and Laws of Thought by the English mathematicianGeorge Boole (1815 – 1864) are the twomost important surviving original logical works from before the advent of modern logic. This article has a single goal: to compare Aristotle’s system with the system that Boole constructed over twenty-two centuries later intending to extend and ...

This study examines how Greek-Cypriot students aged 12 to 18, an understudied group of students, construct their ethnic identity in a complex setting such as Cyprus and what motivates the students in the selection of ethnic identity labels. The choice to focus on students aged 12-18 was made on the hypothesis that young children, who did not experience the 1974 war in Cyprus, may have a differe...

Our first deductive system expresses relationships between classes of things. Each class is represented by a noun naming the class, or by an adjective that describes a property that distinguishes the members of the class from nonmembers. These nouns or adjectives denoting classes of things are called categorical terms, or simply terms. For example, the term animals refers to the class of things...