Green tea contains folate and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), which is suggested to be an antifolate. In this study, we examined whether green tea was a good source of folate in a folate depletion/repletion rat model. Rats fed a folate deficient diet for 4 weeks were supplied with folate for 7 days, and then folate repletion effects were evaluated in terms of increase in total folate level in ...

In frog retina there are special rod photoreceptor cells ('green rods') with physiological properties similar to those of typical vertebrate rods ('red rods'). A cDNA fragment encoding the putative green rod visual pigment was isolated from a retinal cDNA library of the bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana. Its deduced amino acid sequence has more than 65% identity with those of blue-sensitive cone pigme...

The top surface of boneless skinless chicken breasts was inoculated with either green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled Escherichia coli (E. coli-GFP) or rifampicin-resistant E. coli (E. coli-Rif) and subjected to electrically generated hydrodynamic shock wave treatment (HVADH). Cryostat sampling in concert with laser scanning confocal microscopy or plating onto antibiotic selective agar was us...

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is responsible for the green bioluminescence of the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Many classes of GFP mutants exist that display modified fluorescence spectra and an increased extinction coefficient. We produced transgenic mouse lines with an 'enhanced' GFP (EGFP) cDNA under the control of a chicken beta-actin promoter and cytomegalovirus enhancer. All of the ...

This study was conducted to examine the effect of green tea on body, adipose tissue, and liver weights and adipose tissue weight to body weight ratio and the adipogenic differentiation and expression of adipogenic transcripts in chicken (Gallus gallus) preadipocytes. In experiment one, chicks were weighed and randomly assigned to a control diet (CTRL) and green tea treatment (GT 1%, w/w) for 38...

T-cell internal antigen-1 (TIA-1) has roles in regulating alternative pre-mRNA splicing, mRNA translation, and stress granule (SG) formation in human cells. As an evolutionarily conserved response to environmental stress, SGs have been reported in various species. However, SG formation in chicken cells and the role of chicken TIA-1 (cTIA-1) in SG assembly has not been elucidated. In the present...

During the 1996 influenza epidemic in Vienna we obtained influenza A virus specimens (Vienna/47/96, Vienna/81/96) which grow efficiently in African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells but not in embryonated chicken eggs. Amplification of the specimens in Vero cells resulted in progeny that agglutinated human but not chicken erythrocytes. Reassortment analysis suggested that the haemagglutinin (HA)...

Invariant chain (Ii) binds to MHC class II (MHCII) to assemble a nonamer in the endoplasmic reticulum. Major histocompatibility complex class II-associated Ii peptide (CLIP) that occupies the peptide binding groove of MHCII prevents MHCII molecules from loading with endogenous antigens. We used the green or red fluorescent protein-fused Ii or MHCII subunits to detect the intracellular localizat...

Green fluorescent protein-labeled Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were inoculated at 10(7) CFU/g into cow, hog, or chicken manure. Ten- or 11-day-old soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) (7 to 10 g) were added to the manure and held at 23, 27, or 32 degrees C for 3 to 6 days. Soldier fly larvae accelerated inactivation of E. coli O157:H7 in chicken manu...

To study whether influenza virus receptors in chickens differ from those in other species, we compared the binding of lectins and influenza viruses with known receptor specificity to cell membranes and gangliosides from epithelial tissues of ducks, chickens, and African green monkeys. We found that chicken cells contained Neu5Ac alpha(2-6)Gal-terminated receptors recognized by Sambucus nigra le...