the criteria and standards of green space development should be specified before any planning for green space development. the cities' conditions not only rule the creation of vast and more importantly planned and organized green spaces but also demand vast green space in order to establish ecological balance against made environments. this research tries to study green space per capita in...

Abstract: Urban residents’ health depends on green infrastructure to cope with climate change. Shrinking cities could utilize vacant land to provide more green space, but declining tax revenues preclude new park development—a situation pronounced in Japan, where some cities are projected to shrink by over ten percent, but lack green space. Could informal urban green spaces (IGS; vacant lots, st...

introduction: water shortage in arid and semiarid regions of the world is a cause of serious concerns. the severe water scarcity urges the reuse of treated wastewater effluent and marginal water as a resource for irrigation. mobarake steel complex has been using treated industrial wastewater for drip-irrigation of trees in about 1350 ha of its green space. however, wastewater may contain some a...

this study aimed to investigate the factors affecting intention of citizens toward participating in activities related to development and protection of green spaces in tehran. the research was descriptive-correlation and survey method was used. the statistical population of this study consisted of all citizens in tehran. using proportional and stratified random sampling, 626 citizens were selec...

Water supply of green spaces in arid areas is a major challenge. A high percentage of green spacescreate lawns, which are high water consumer landscapes. Due to the environmental, recreational andathletic values of lawns, they are considered as non-removable elements in urban green space development.This paper reviews and discusses strategies for efficient water usage in lawn areas using librar...

In parallel with ongoing discussions on what the concept of a smart city actually entails, use technology in management and governance urban green space is increasing. Application technologies usually involves multiple sensors, smartphones, internet connections, etc., working together to make more inclusive effective. Sustainable Smart Parks project Gothenburg, Sweden, new are being applied tes...

nowadays programming and designing of green space of urban area, without considering the criteria for 'optimum standards of green areas is impossible, . in this research, it is tried to determine, the per capita standard rate of green space in different regions of gorgan city, . the applied methedology is an integration of several international and local methods, based on the principles of...