In a companion paper (BovC et al., 1980) we explained why the prokaryote associated with citrus greening disease is not a mycoplasma, and showed that greening-affected citrus seedlings, which had absorbed penicillin through their roots, developed an abundant root system and produced new, vigorous, symptomless shoots. On the basis of these results, as well as previous ultrastructural studies (Ga...

When seeds of Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola are germinated in dark anaerobic conditions (99.995% N(2)), the seedlings do not have detectable protochlorophyll(ide). Two hours after exposure to light aerobic conditions, they begin to synthesize chlorophyll. The lag in greening is shorter in seedlings exposed to light for 24 hours before exposure to air. Seedlings maintained in light anaero...

A series of measurements showed that community greening and trees shading had different degree of cooling effect. The cooling effect of wall greening was related to factors such as heat storage capacity and the orientation of the wall, climatic conditions. As compared to the heat reduced by sheltering the solar radiation, the heat absorbed by plant transpiration had greater cooling contribution...

The functional transition of glyoxysomes to leaf peroxisomes occurs during greening of germinating pumpkin cotyledons (Cucurbita sp. Amakuri Nankin). The immunocytochemical protein A-gold method was employed in the analysis of the transition using glyoxysomal specific citrate synthase immunoglobulin G and leaf peroxisomal specific glycolate oxidase immunoglobulin G. The labeling density of citr...

Shifting plant phenology (i.e., timing of flowering and other developmental events) in recent decades establishes that species and ecosystems are already responding to global environmental change. Earlier flowering and an extended period of active plant growth across much of the northern hemisphere have been interpreted as responses to warming. However, several kinds of environmental change hav...

Huanglongbing (HLB), also referred to as citrus greening disease has caused significant losses to the citrus industry in the United States and elsewhere. In our previous studies, we observed the fluctuation of some primary and secondary metabolites in response to biotic (psyllids feeding that transfers bacteria; i.e., Candidatus Liberibacter spp. that cause greening disease) and abiotic (water ...

The transpirational cooling of vegetation as a measure to mitigate outdoor air temperatures was investigated for a street canyon in the city center of Arnhem, the Netherlands for the meteorological conditions of an afternoon hour on a hot summer day during a heat wave with wind of speed 5.1 m s 1 at 10 m above ground and direction along the canyon. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations...

This study attempts to quantify the relative contributions of vegetation greening in China due to climatic and human influences from multiple observational datasets. Satellite measured vegetation greenness, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and relevant climate, land cover, and socioeconomic data since 1982 are analyzed using a multiple linear regression (MLR) method. A statistical...