Note. The determinant of a circulant matrix is an example of a group determinant, where the group is the cyclic group of order n. In 1880 Dedekind suggested generalizing the case of circulants (and more generally group de­ terminants for abelian groups) to arbitrary groups. It was this suggestion that led Frobenius to the creation group of representation theory. See [1] and the references therein.

The Stokes parameters form a Minkowskian four-vector under various optical transformations. As a consequence, the resulting two-by-two density matrix constitutes a representation of the Lorentz group. The associated Poincaré sphere is a geometric representation of the Lorentz group. Since the Lorentz group preserves the determinant of the density matrix, it cannot accommodate the decoherence pr...

Stokes parameters form a Minkowskian 4-vector under various optical transformations. As a consequence, the resulting two-by-two density matrix constitutes a representation of the Lorentz group. The associated Poincaré sphere is a geometric representation of the Lorentz group. Since the Lorentz group preserves the determinant of the density matrix, it cannot accommodate the decoherence process t...