Parturition time has been chosen to investigate whether a photoinducible phase exists during the light-dark cycle in the rat. A 1-hr light stimulation was given during the dark phase at various times after the beginning of the principal photoperiod or conventional dawn. The rats kept under 8 hrs of light and 16 hrs of darkness from mating (day 1 of pregnancy) gave birth to most of their pups on...

How to cite this article Hu J, Bounds CE, Budgeon LR, Cladel NM, Balogh K and Christensen ND. DNA Vaccines Delivered By Microneedle and Tattoo Gun Induce Protective Immune Responses to Hla-A2.1 Restricted CRPV E1 and HPV16e7 Epitopes in HLA-A2.1 Transgenic Rabbits. SM Vaccine Vaccin. 2016; 2(1): 1017. OPEN ACCESS Gene gun delivery of DNA vaccines has proven to be effective for protective and th...

Gun violence imposes significant costs on children, families, and American society as a whole. But these costs can be difficult to quantify, as much of the burden of gun violence results from intangible concerns about injury and death. This article explores several methods for estimating the costs of gun violence. One method is to assess how much Americans would be willing to pay to reduce the ...

This review paper reports various concepts of the gun propulsion system to meet the goal of the futuristic hypervelocity projectiles. The nonconventional concepts, such as liquid gun propellant, rail gun, coil gun, electrothermal gun, electrothermal chemical gun along with conventional energetic solid gun propellant have been discussed. Even though muzzle velocity around 2000 m/s has been claim...

In addressing the shape of appropriate gun policy, this essay assumes for the sake of discussion that there is a legal and moral right to private gun ownership. My thesis is that, against the background of this right, the most defensible policy approach in the United States would feature moderate gun control. The first section summarizes the American gun control status quo and characterizes wha...

Mass public shootings are typically followed by a spike in gun sales as well as calls for stricter gun control laws. What remains unclear is whether the spike in gun sales is motivated by increased threat perceptions or by concerns about gun control, or whether the sales are mainly driven by non-owners purchasing guns or gun owners adding to their collection. Two surveys of gun owners and non-o...

One coastal village in Haenam-gun and two in Yeongam-gun, Jeollanam-do were surveyed for intestinal parasite infections by fecal examination. The egg positive rates of Gymnophalloides seoi were high, 24.1% (14/58) in Haenam-gun and 9.3% (11/118) in Yeongam-gun. The egg positive rates of heterophyids, including Heterophyes nocens, and of Clonorchis sinensis were 10.3% and 6.9% in Haenam-gun, and...

OBJECTIVES To determine the relative incidence of gun victimization versus self defense gun use by civilians in the United States, and the circumstances and probable legality of the self defense uses. METHODS National random digit dial telephone surveys of the adult population were conducted in 1996 and 1999. The Harvard surveys appear unique among private surveys in two respects: asking (1) ...

OBJECTIVES To present the prevalence of gun ownership among batterers and describe their self-reported use of guns to threaten intimate partners. METHODS We used multivariate methods to analyze data from 8529 men enrolled in Massachusetts certified batterer intervention programs between 1999 and 2003. RESULTS Seven percent of the sample reported owning guns during the past 3 years. Recent g...

Available online 7 April 2011 Purposes: To determine if perceived risk of criminal victimization, and past criminal victimization experiences, increases the likelihood of a person owning a gun for self-protection, and to determine if defects in past research concerning the way gun ownership was measured had obscured such effects. Methods: We analyzed data on over 2,500 U.S. adults, using differ...