background influenza type a (h1n1) causes an epidemic disease, resulting in thousands of deaths throughout the world. objectives our aim was comparing the efficacy of two different methods in isolating the influenza (h1n1) virus including cell culture and real-time pcr in tabriz and suburbs. patients and methods of throat swab samples, 220 were collected in viral transport medium (vtm) from pat...

conclusions: among confirmed patients with influenza a (h1n1), the most common symptoms were sequentially cough, dyspnea, chill and myalgia. pcr did not show high sensitivity in diagnosis of influenza a (h1n1) infection. the risk factor with the highest prevalence was heart disease followedby cigarette smoking and hematologic disorder. the mean age of these patients was about 38. results: rt pc...

Active surveillance in health care centers in Gabon during 2009-2011 detected 72 clinical cases of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (pH1N1). We found that pH1N1 virus was introduced in mid-2009 but spread throughout the country in 2010. Thus, Gabon was also affected by pH1N1.

During the 2009 H1N1 influenza A outbreak, 773 children were tested for influenza by direct fluorescent-antibody testing with PCR confirmation. Direct fluorescent-antibody testing has a specificity of 99.6% but a sensitivity of only 65.0%. Physicians should recognize diagnostic limitations of direct fluorescent-antibody testing, which missed one-third of infected individuals.

The spread of influenza has usually been described by a 'density' model, where the largest centres of population drive the epidemic within a country. An alternative model emphasizing the role of air travel has recently been developed. We have examined the relative importance of the two in the context of the 2009 H1N1 influenza epidemic in Scotland. We obtained genome sequences of 70 strains rep...

Background: The pandemic and regional influenza outbreaks resulting from antigenic variation of influenza viruses have been the subject of numerous studies which are crucial to the preparation of the vaccine. Frequent global winter outbreaks of influenza viruses require a constant surveillance of emerging influenza variants in order to develop efficient influenza vaccine. Methods: This study wa...

Swine flue is a highly contagious acute respiratory disease caused by a subtype of influenza A virus. Herein we present three patients with H1N1 infection complicated with pulmonary thromboembolism. The patients had chest pain and unexplained dyspnea. Imaging studies showed bilateral hilar predominance. Computed tomographic angiography confirmed bilateral thromboembolism (an unusual presentatio...

C4b Binding Protein (C4BP) is a major fluid phase inhibitor of the classical and lectin pathways complement system. Complement inhibition achieved by binding to restricting role activated component C4b. C4BP functions as co-factor for factor I in proteolytic inactivation both soluble cell surface-bound C4b, thus formation C3-convertase, C4b2a. also accelerates natural decay/dissociation C3 conv...