Software often goes through a variety of extensions during its lifetime: adding new fields or new variants to a data structure, retroactively creating new type abstractions, and adding new operations on a data structure. As characterized by the extensibility problem, it should be possible to apply any combination of these types of extensions in any order. Mainstream object-oriented languages, h...

A 14-month-old child was diagnosed with a Veau Class II cleft palate. Von Langenbeck palatoplasty was performed for the right palate, and V-Y pushback palatoplasty was performed for the left palate. The child did not have a special problem during the surgery, and the authors were able to elongate the cleft by 10 mm. Contrary to preoperative concerns regarding the hybrid use of palatoplasties, t...

Example An operating system is a widely-used example of a complex concurrent system that manages many different types of applications and hardware. For instance, it coordinates and demultiplexes the communication between standard Internet networking applications, such as telnet, ftp, smtp, dns, and inetd, and hardware I/O devices, such as network interfaces, disk controllers, end-user terminals...

In this paper, we investigate the reduced form of circulant matrices and we show that the problem of computing the q-th roots of a nonsingular circulant matrix A can be reduced to that of computing the q-th roots of two half size matrices B - C and B + C.