Fluorine and chlorine X‐ray count rates are known to vary significantly during electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) of apatite. Since the rate, timing, and magnitude of this variation are a function of apatite orientation and composition, as well as EPMA operating conditions, this represents a significant problem for volatile element analysis in apatite. Although the effect is thought to be an i...

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to study surface reaction dynamics of Si and Si02 etching by halogens. To perform classical MD simulations for Si02 etching reaction by halogens (C1 or F), we have constructed new sets of twoand three-body interatomic potential functions based on potential energy data obtained from ab initio quantum mechanical calculations of the electronic sta...

In this research at the first Promethazine drug and its fullerene derivative were optimized. NMR calculations for the complexes were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G*quantum chemistry level. Promethazine is not used as an antihistaminic drug for anyone. In the pharmaceutical composition of promethazine (RS) - N, N-dimethyl-1- (10H-Phenothaiazin-10 yl) -propen-2-amino, two aromatic rings In this s...

The past 30 years have witnessed a period of significant expansion in the use of halogenated compounds in the field of agrochemical research and development. The introduction of halogens into active ingredients has become an important concept in the quest for a modern agrochemical with optimal efficacy, environmental safety, user friendliness and economic viability. Outstanding progress has bee...

Reactive halogen species (X*=X, •X−2 , X2 and HOX, where X=Br, Cl, or I) in seawater, sea-salt particles, and snowpacks play important roles in the chemistry of the marine boundary layer. Despite this, relatively little is known about the steady-state concentrations or kinetics of reactive halogens in these environmental samples. In part this is because there are few instruments or techniques t...

In accordance with waste strategy for Turkey, the study was carried out to analyses waste engine crankcase oils and waste gearbox oils generated from vehicle maintenance services in order to determine their suitability for recycling, recovery or final disposal based on regulation published by Turkish Ministry of Environment and Forestry on 21 January 2004. The regulation requires all waste oil ...

We used a one-dimensional model to simulate the chemical evolution of air masses in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, with a focus on halogen chemistry. The model results were compared to the observations of inorganic halogen species made in this region. The model could largely reproduce the measurements of most chlorine species, especially under unpolluted conditions, but overestimated sea salt chl...

[1] The presence of chlorine radical species in the lower troposphere has been postulated, but only indirect evidence of its existence has been reported.We present the first direct spectroscopic observations of up to 15 ± 2 pmoles/mole-air chlorine oxide (ClO) in the mid-latitude boundary layer and confirm a previous discovery of the existence of bromine oxide (up to 6 ± 0.4 pmoles/mole-air BrO...

Halogens are volatile elements present in trace amounts the Earth’s crust, mantle, and core. They show behavior tend to be incompatible except for fluorine, which makes them key tracers of fluid-mediated and/or melt-mediated chemical transport processes. Even small quantities halogens can profoundly affect many physicochemical processes such as melt viscosity, temperature stability mineral phas...