Tobacco is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality across the world. A recently infamous way of smoking tobacco is shisha. Shisha smoking is also known as water pipe, hookah and Narghile smoking. The percentage of shisha smokers is on the rise rapidly spanning the globe. A literature review was conducted to identify all evidence on the epidemiological variations and health effects of shi...

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BACKGROUND Balanced decisions about health care interventions require reliable evidence on harms as well as benefits. Most systematic reviews focus on efficacy and randomised trials, for which the methodology is well established. Methods to systematically review harmful effects are less well developed and there are few sources of guidance for researchers. We present our own recent experience of...

Abstract The phenomenon of interactive human kinds, namely kinds people that undergo change in reaction to being studied or theorised about, matters not only for the reliability scientific claims, but also its wider, sometimes harmful effects at group societal level, such as contributing negative stigmas reinforcing existing inequalities. This paper focuses on latter aspect interactivity and ar...