[1] The first measurements of CFC-113 (CCl2FCClF2) and HCFC-142b (CH3CClF2) from space have been performed by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), a satellite-based mission for remote sensing of the Earth’s atmosphere. Retrievals for the volume mixing ratio profiles of these two molecules have been performed for ACE-FTS measurements at mid-latitudes and in the tropics, and the results ar...

Abstract. Halocarbons contained in equipment such as air conditioners, fire extinguishers, and foams continue to be emitted after production has ceased. These “banks” within applications are thus potential sources of future emissions, must carefully accounted for order differentiate nascent potentially illegal from legal banked emissions. Here, we build on a probabilistic Bayesian model, previo...

Abstract. This study evaluates the potential usefulness of halogenated compounds HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HFC-134a, HFC-125, HFC-23, PFC-14, and PFC-116 as oceanographic transient tracers to better constrain ocean ventilation processes. We do this mainly in terms four aspects characteristics tracers: input function (including atmospheric history historical surface saturation), seawater so...

Abstract. Emissions of the potent greenhouse gas perfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8, PFC-318, octafluorocyclobutane) into global atmosphere inferred from atmospheric measurements have been increasing sharply since early 2000s. We find that these emissions are highly correlated with production hydrochlorofluorocarbon-22 (HCFC-22, CHClF2) for feedstock (FS) uses, because almost all HCFC-22 FS is pyroly...

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding onboard ENVISAT (MIPAS-E) offers the opportunity to detect and spectrally resolve many atmospheric minor constituents affecting atmospheric chemistry. In this paper, we describe an algorithm produced to retrieve HCFC–22 profiles from MIPAS-E measurements made in 2003 and present results from this scheme between 300 and 50 mb. By comp...

Solubility (vapor pressure) , viscosity and density have been experimentally determined for thirty-five potential refrigeration working fluids. Properties for low refrigerant concentration mixtures (0, 10, 20 and 30 weight percent refrigerant) were determined over the temperature range 0 to IOO•C (32 to 212"F) or to the critical temperature of the refrigerant, and pressure range 0 to 3,500 kPa ...

Human subjects were exposed by inhalation to 250, 500, and 1000 ppm 1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b) for 4 hr, and urine samples were collected from 0-4, 4-12, and 12-24 hr for metabolite analysis. 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis of urine samples from exposed subjects showed that 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl glucuronide and dichlorofluoroacetic acid were the major and...

Significance We demonstrate the need to detect and track unexpected substances in atmosphere locate their sources. Here, we report on three hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) that have no known end-uses. HCFC-132b ( C mathvariant="normal">H <...

A modified frequency compensation technique is proposed for low-power area-efficient three-stage amplifiers driving medium to large capacitive loads. Coined hybrid cascode feedforward compensation (HCFC), the total compensation capacitor is divided and shared between two internal high-speed feedback loops instead of only one loop as is common in prior art. Detailed analysis of this technique sh...

The molecular structure and infrared spectrum of the atmospheric pollutant 3,3-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoropropane (HCFC-243) were characterized experimentally and theoretically. The theoretical calculations show the existence of two conformers, with the gauche (G) and trans (T) orientation around the HCCC dihedral angle. Conformer G was calculated to be more stable than form T by more than 10 kJ m...