The electronic chip of the Estonian ID card is widely used in Estonia to identify the cardholder to a machine. For example, the electronic ID card can be used to collect rewards in customer loyalty programs, authenticate to public printers and self-checkout machines in libraries, and even unlock doors and gain access to restricted areas. This paper studies the security aspects of using the Esto...

In credit based payment systems, con dential data such as PIN and credit card number embedded in an electronic credit card must be protected. The authenticity of an electronic credit card in a payment process is normally achieved through an on-line trusted server such as a nancial institution that runs the payment system. This paper considers some novel secure electronic credit card based payme...

SCTA supported portable measures for identification and authentication of health care providers via smart cards and public key cryptography, encrypted health care communications, role-based access to distributed health care information services, and remote access to patient vital signs. We developed smart-card applications3 to authenticate health care providers and to provide a portable emergen...

background: adopting information technology (it) systems in an organization is a decision which faces several challenges. this study has been conducted with the aim of analyzing barriers and challenges in application of ict in medical science universities in general and the ilam medical science university in particular. methods: the studied population was the employees of ilam university of med...

The Belgian Electronic Identity Card enables Belgian citizens to prove their identity digitally and to sign electronic documents. At the end of 2009, every Belgian citizen older than 12 years will have such an eID card. In the future, usage of the eID card may be mandatory. However, irresponsible use of the card may cause harm to individuals. Currently, there exist some privacy and security pro...