Environmental Health Perspectives • volume 120 | number 10 | October 2012 A 383 As Morfeld noted in his letter, adjustment for the healthy worker survivor effect is complex. We do not claim that adjustment using employment duration completely adjusts for a healthy worker survivor effect, but our results provided evidence that it is present in this cohort and should be addressed. The authors dec...

Environmental Health Perspectives • volume 120 | number 10 | October 2012 A 383 As Morfeld noted in his letter, adjustment for the healthy worker survivor effect is complex. We do not claim that adjustment using employment duration completely adjusts for a healthy worker survivor effect, but our results provided evidence that it is present in this cohort and should be addressed. The authors dec...

Use of the general population as a reference might cause serious underestimation of the risk of cancer in working populations because of the healthy worker effect. Using incidence rates, we studied how this underestimation varied according to subtypes of cancer by comparing a large cohort of randomly selected Norwegian workers hired between 1981 and 2003 (n = 366,114) with the general Norwegian...

The selection due to the "healthy worker effect" was estimated from a random sample of the total Finnish population. The sample of 20 000 people was followed for changes in occupations from 1960 to 1970 and for deaths in 1971-5. Those entering the active work force had a standard mortality ratio of 70, indicating a healthy population selection effect. Those staying in the same occupational cate...

OBJECTIVE In this systematic review we evaluated the evidence on the association between dioxin exposure and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in humans. DATA SOURCES AND EXTRACTION We conducted a PubMed search in December 2007 and considered all English-language epidemiologic studies and their citations regarding dioxin exposure and CVD mortality. To focus on dioxins, we excluded cohort...