ICU, 14% [before patient contact] and 25% [after patient con-tact]; cardiac surgery ICU, 6% [before] and 13% [after]). Observations in the medical ICU after introduction of the new, increasingly accessible, alcohol-based, waterless hand antiseptic revealed significantly higher handwashing rates (F<.05). Handwashing compliance improved as accessibility was enhanced: before patient contact, 19%, ...

helical coil heat exchangers are widely used in industrial applications ranging fromcryogenic processes, air-conditioning, and nuclear reactors to waste heat recovery due totheir compact size and high heat transfer coefficient. in this kind of heat exchangers, flowand heat transfer are complicated. this paper reports a numerical investigation of theinfluence of different parameters such as coil...

Background. While heat and moisture exchangers (HMEs) have been increasingly used for humidification during mechanical ventilation, the efficacy of pediatric HMEs has not yet been fully evaluated. Methods. We tested ten pediatric HMEs when mechanically ventilating a model lung at respiratory rates of 20 and 30 breaths/min and pressure control of 10, 15, and 20 cmH(2)O. The expiratory gas passed...

Heat exchangers are the most important equipment in refrigeration processes. Design and modeling of heat exchangers operating at low temperatures are different from other regular heat exchangers. This study includes two sections. In the first section, design and modeling considerations needed for evaluating the real thermal behavior of heat exchangers at low temperatures were discussed. The...

the effect of γ-al2o3 nanoparticles on heat transfer rate, baffle spacing and pressure drop in the shell side of small shell and tube heat exchangers was investigated numerically under turbulent regime. γ-al2o3-water nanofluids and pure water were used in the shell side and the tube side of heat exchangers, respectively. since the properties of γ-al2o3-water nanofluids were variable, they were ...

Helical coil heat exchangers are widely used in industrial applications ranging fromcryogenic processes, air-conditioning, and nuclear reactors to waste heat recovery due totheir compact size and high heat transfer coefficient. In this kind of heat exchangers, flowand heat transfer are complicated. This paper reports a numerical investigation of theinfluence of different parameters such as coil...

The present study evaluated the thermodynamic characteristics of a prototype respiratory heat and moisture exchanger (HMS), particularly its ability to prevent cold injury to the face. The HME comprised a thermally insulated oro-nasal mask with a cylindrical heat and moisture exchanger protruding from the centre of the mask. The heat exchanging unit contained an aluminium “honeycomb” structure ...