A toxin which causes rapid fluid accumulation in a suckling mouse assay and which was produced by Vibrio cholerae non-O1 was investigated. The toxin was purified from the culture supernatant of V. cholerae non-O1 (strain A-5) by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydroxyapatite treatment, ethanol extraction, column chromatographies on SP-Sephadex C-50 and DEAE-Sephadex A-25, and high-pressure liqu...

Macromolecular absorption of gliadin, a wheat protein and alpha lactalbumin, a milk protein was evaluated in control and Escherichia coli enterotoxin (heat-stable, heat-labile, and both heat-stable and heat-labile enterotoxin) treated mice. The peak concentration of gliadin and lactalbumin was two hours and three hours after their ingestion, respectively. There was also a significant increase (...

Vibrio cholerae NRT36S is a non-cholera toxin-producing, non-O1 strain that causes diarrhea in volunteers. The genome of NRT36S was sequenced to create a draft containing 174 contigs plus the superintegron region. Our analysis of the draft genome revealed several putative toxin genes and colonization factors. Besides confirming the existence of nonagglutinable heat-stable toxin, we also identif...

Vibrio mimicus, a newly described species of the genus Vibrio has been isolated from stools of 14 patients with diarrhoea. Live cells of all the 14 strains tested caused accumulation of fluid in rabbit gut loops and diarrhoea in infant rabbits. Culture filtrates of all the strains caused increased capillary permeability in rabbit skin; however, five of the filtrates resembled cholera toxin in t...

The stool samples from 245 patients with diarrhea were tested for heat labile toxin (LT) and heat stable toxins (ST) by passive latex agglutination and enzyme immunoassay methods respectively. Twelve (4.9%) enterotoxigenic E. Coli ETEC strains were isolated. Five strains (2%) expressed ST, and 7 (2.8%) expressed LT.

This review highlighted the following: (i) pathogenic mechanism of the thermostable direct hemolysin produced by Vibrio parahaemolyticus, especially on its cardiotoxicity, (ii) heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, especially structure-activity relationship of heat-stable enterotoxin, (iii) RNA N-glycosidase activity of Vero toxins (VT1 and VT2) ...

The usefulness of antisera in detecting enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains in Sao Paulo was evaluated. Polyvalent antisera detected 49% of ETEC isolates and were more effective in identifying E. coli that produced heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins and in strains that produced only heat-stable enterotoxin. ETEC strains not detected by the antisera belonged to different serogr...

Twenty-eight clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica were investigated for their abilities to produce heat-stable enterotoxin (YST). All 21 invasive strains (serogroup O3 biotype 4) carried the previously described gene for YST (yst), with toxin detectable in culture supernatants from 20 strains. One of seven noninvasive, biotype 1A strains also had enterotoxic activity, despite failure to...

The genetic relatedness among 29 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains of serotype O6:H16 was investigated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The strains were isolated in different parts of the world, displayed CS1-CS3 or CS2-CS3 profiles, and expressed heat-labile toxin (LT) and heat-stable toxin; a single strain expressed only LT. Ten RAPD types were distinguished and s...