Confined aquifers are formations surrounded by impermeable layers called cap rocks and bed rocks. These aquifers are suitable for the seasonal storage of thermal energy. A confined aquifer was designed to meet the cooling and heating energy needs of a residential building complex located in Tehran, Iran. The annual cooling and heating energy needs of the buildings were estimated to be 8.7...

Trinidad has tar sand resources of about 2 billion barrels of oil on land in the Parrylands/Guapo and Brighton areas. With an oil price of over USD 25 per barrel, the commercial extraction of oil from Trinidad tar sands is viable, but it requires a careful study. The relatively small extent of this tar sand (about 10,000 acres and with depths varying from surface to less than 500 feet) and with...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced in corn, rice, and flour. It is a major concern for animal and human health. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of OTA contamination in bread samples gathered from bakeries, in different temperatures and durations of heating. In this study, 32 samples (4 samples of flour and 28 samples of bread) were randomly collected from different bakeries...

Microwave heating is a process within a family of electroheat techniques, such as induction, radio frequency, direct resistance or infra-red heating, all of which utilise specific parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. These processes supplement, and in specific cases totally replace, conventional heating or drying systems used in industry. This is because some conventional systems are very bul...

Peaked density profiles may not only improve confinement properties, but also give the additional benefits of increased fusion production and ignition margin in BPX, as shown in Fig. 8.1. The ability to control density profiles in the core and scrape-off regions is governed by a number of both physics and operational considerations that make it difficult to specify optimized fueling systems. Fo...

In our daily life, central heating systems are generally used in home and office heating. The majority of fuel used in these systems are either natural gas or coal. However, in some cases air-conditioners and electrical oil-radiators are preferred in the heating of small mediums. But, the cost of electrical based heating is much higher than the cost of natural gas or coal based heating. Conside...

This article studies the particle temperature distribution depending on the laser radiation power and the particle’s trajectory and velocity. The uneven heating of particles moving in the laser radiation field is identified. The regimes of laser heating without melting, with partial melting, and with complete particle melting are considered.

Due to the high hardness and wear resistance, electroless nickel-boron (Ni-B) coatings have found numerous applications. In the present study, the influence of the heating rate on the morphological features of oxidized electroless Ni-B coatings was investigated. The oxidation behavior of electroless coating layers was studied with TGA method under non-isothermal conditions at heating rates 5, 9...

Packed bed units generally, represent the most suitable storage units for air heating solar systems. In these systems the storage unit receives the heat from the collector during the collection period and discharges the heat to the building at the retrieval process. A method for sizing of packedbed storage in an air heating system is represented. The design is based on the K-S curves, which hav...