Using data on U.S. intra-firm and arm’s-length imports for 5,423 products and 210 countries, we examine the determinants of the share of U.S. imports that are intra-firm. Three determinants of this share have been proposed: (1) Antràs (2003) focuses on the share of inputs provided by the headquarter firm. We provide added confirmation and further strengthen the empirical findings in Antràs (200...

In this paper, we seek to analyse the main drivers of firms’ choice in terms of outsourcing and/or offshoring of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) services. As globalisation is a new way firms choose to organize their activities, a broad literature focuses on the outsourcing and the offshoring of activities (Grossman and Helpman, 2005; Marin and Verdier, 2003). Even if a lot of p...

We build a quality ladders product cycle model with Northern innovation, Northern imitation, and Southern imitation. Our model generalizes Grossman and Helpman (1991a) to allow Northern imitation. Similar to Segerstrom (1991), successful Northern imitators collude with innovators. Changes in resources and R&D subsidies generate substitution in Northern R&D between innovation and imitation and s...

This paper studies the effects of tariffs on intra-firm trade. Building on the Antràs and Helpman (2004) North-South theoretical framework, the author shows that higher Northern tariffs reduce the incentives for outsourcing and offshoring, while higher Southern tariffs have the opposite effects. The author also shows that increased offshoring and outsourcing imply a descrease in the ratio of No...

In this paper, we statistically estimate the returns to lobbying by universities. We develop a simple theoretical model of university lobbying for academic earmarks to motivate our empirical work. We first show that universities that are represented by a House Appropriations Committee (HAC) or Senate Appropriations Committee (SAC) member spend more on lobbying. Next, in a later instrumental var...

This Appendix provides the basic derivations of the multi-country trade model of heterogeneous firms presented in Hesse (2014). The ensuing presentation borrows from Dixit & Stiglitz (1977), Melitz (2003) as well as Helpman et al. (2010a) and its technical appendix, Helpman et al. (2010b). The preferences of a representative consumer are given by a C.E.S. utility function over a continuum of va...

this paper gives a short survey of some of the known results generalizing the theorem, credited to i. schur, that if the central factor group is finite then the derived subgroup is also finite.

in this paper, after reviewing some results in minimal space, some new results in this setting are given. we prove a generalized form of the fan-kkm typetheorem in minimal vector spaces. as some applications, the open type of matching theorem and generalized form of the classical kkm theorem in minimal vector spaces are given.

‎it is well known that every (real or complex) normed linear space $l$ is isometrically embeddable into $c(x)$ for some compact hausdorff space $x$‎. ‎here $x$ is the closed unit ball of $l^*$ (the set of all continuous scalar-valued linear mappings on $l$) endowed with the weak$^*$ topology‎, ‎which is compact by the banach--alaoglu theorem‎. ‎we prove that the compact hausdorff space $x$ can ...

in this paper, we introduce the cone normed spaces and cone bounded linear mappings. among other things, we prove the baire category theorem and the banach--steinhaus theorem in cone normed spaces.