Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) implies a benign generalized histiocytic proliferate with erythrophagocytosis and it includes familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and secondary hemophgocytosis. Spinal fluid changes like mild to moderate pleocytosis (most of the cells are lymphocytes and macrophages) and sometimes hemophagocytosis are seen in primary HLH but are not reported in s...

Fingolimod is an oral, disease-modifying therapy used to treat multiple sclerosis (MS). However, severe viral infections, including disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection, herpes simplex encephalitis, varicella-zoster virus encephalitis and vasculopathy, or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, have been reported during fingolimod therapy. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), ...

We report the case of a 40 year-old Nepali man admitted to the hospital with a one month history of fever associated with swelling, pain, and redness on the right side of the neck. On examination, tender lymph nodes were palpated in the right posterior cervical triangle. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy showed hemophagocytosis. Cervical lymph node biopsy showed the typical necrotizing lymphade...

Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) has been described in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, limited data is available in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Study design and methods: We conducted this prospective study over a two year period on 30 HIV infected patients. Our aim was to assess the frequency of hemophagocytos...

A 30-year-old Japanese woman with falciparum malaria was hospitalized because of fever and renal failure, and prolonged anemia was identified despite the eradication of malaria parasites through anti-malaria therapy. Bone marrow aspiration revealed the presence of macrophages with hemophagocytosis, and serum interleukin (IL)-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha levels were high in the anemi...

Brucellosis is a systemic zoonotic infectious disease that may cause fever, fatigue, sweating, arthritis, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, and lymphadenopathy. It continues to be an important health problem worldwide. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenias, high serum levels of ferritin and triglycerides, low serum fibrinogen levels, and...