In 1957 Sakai and Kitagawa in Japan reported the clinical and biochemical findings in a patient with tyrosinemia, tyrosyluria, liver cirrhosis, and renal rickets. Subsequently, reports were published from various countries of other patients with hepatorenal tyrosinemia (HRT). 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase deficiency was originally proposed as the cause of HRT. However, in 1977 Lindblad et...

Hepatorenal syndrome is a life-threatening complication occurring commonly in cirrhosis liver and rarely in acute liver failure. It can be precipitated by shock, infection, surgery, large volume paracentesis or nephrotoxic drugs. Type I hepatorenal syndrome which usually develops over acute liver failure is rapidly progressive and has poor outcome. Type II hepatorenal syndrome is usually associ...

Hepatorenal syndrome is not an uncommon life-threatening complication arising from liver cirrhosis. The diagnostic criteria for this syndrome have been revised throughout the years, with recent revisions aimed at improving earlier diagnosis and treatment. Liver transplantation remains the only definitive treatment for hepatorenal syndrome. Due to the scarcity of liver grafts, many patients die ...

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the most serious hepatorenal disorder and one of the most difficult to treat. To date, the best treatment options are those that reverse the mechanisms underlying HRS: portal hypertension, splanchnic vasodilation, and/or renal vasoconstriction. Therefore, liver transplantation is the preferred definitive treatment option. The role of other therapies is predominantl...

Refractory ascites is a frequent complication of advanced cirrhosis and is associated with hepatorenal syndrome and hepatic hydrothorax. Large volume paracentesis and pleurodesis are regarded as first-line treatments in patients who do not respond adequately to diuretics. These treatments, however, do not prevent recurrence and carry the risk of worsening of the circulatory dysfunction leading ...

Background. Alcoholic liver disease is a major cause of liver cirrhosis and the hepatorenal syndrome is a serious complication. Risk factors for hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) in alcoholic liver cirrhosis are not entirely explored. Aim. To assess the risk factors for hepatorenal syndrome in alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Patients and Methods. Consecutive patients with alcoholic liver disease were follo...

Objective To investigate the potential role of alpha1-adrenoceptor (α1-AR) in the pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome. Methods Hepatorenal syndrome was induced in male rats by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactosamine and orally treatment with α1-AR antagonist tamsulosin. Hyperresponsiveness of the renal artery contraction was evaluated by the laser-Doppler flowmetry and multimyograph sys...

A fifty four years old male was followed in nephrology clinic since 1999 for hepatorenal polycystic disease. The patient was referred for abdominal distension with postprandial fullness. Family history of hepatorenal polycystic disease in the father, grandmother and a paternal aunt. On physical examination there was a globular abdomen, with multiple irregular masses, which imprint on the abdomi...

 Renal failure in cirrhotic patients is a very severe condition. Hepatorenal syndrome has the worst prognosis among all causes of kidney failure in such patients. Hepatorenal syndrome is diagnosed especially in cirrhotic patients with ascites who develop loss renal function, despite diuretic suspension and volume expansion with albumin and for whom other causes of kidney injury have been exclud...