One mechanism used by plants to protect against damage from excess sunlight is called nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ). Triggered by low pH in the thylakoid lumen, NPQ leads to conversion of excess excitation energy in the antenna system to heat before it can initiate production of harmful chemical species by photosynthetic reaction centers. Here we report a synthetic hexad molecule that functi...

Theory of mind (ToM) is required when reasoning about mental states such as knowledge, beliefs, desires, and intentions. Many complex reasoning tasks require domaingeneral cognitive resources such as planning, resistance to interference, and working memory. In this paper we present a study of the additional cognitive costs of reasoning about mental states. We presented participants with sequent...

We investigate mechanism design when the players do not exactly know their types, but have instead only partial information about them. ∗Email: [email protected]. †Email: [email protected]. ‡Email: [email protected].

6 In many common interactive scenarios, participants lack information 7 about other participants, and specifically about the preferences of other 8 participants. In this work, we model an extreme case of incomplete 9 information, which we term games with type ambiguity, where a participant 10 lacks even information enabling him to form a belief on the preferences of 11 others. Under type ambigu...

Purpose: The aim of this study is to design and develop an educational digital game that explains the tasks data transmission hardware units in 5th 6th grade information technologies software course, suitable for different player types. Design/Methodology/Approach: was implemented with a developmental research method, one design-based methods. In process, product design, development, evaluation...

Personalized games should provide a better player experience than one-size-fits-all games. As a method for personalization, player type models have been discussed recently. Player type models would be useful tools in the personalization of games, if they have a relationship to the players’ experience of specific game mechanics. However, this relationship has never been empirically investigated....