alcohol production from molasses can lead to large amounts of wastewater that cause serious environmental concern. it is characterized with extremely high organic loading rate, high turbidity and dark brown color .composting this kind of wastewater is a biothermal aerobic process that during composting heat generated by the composition of the organic material reduces the moisture content of the...

PURPOSE Floppy eyelid syndrome (FES) presents nonspecific ocular surface irritation. The hypothesis for the current study was that one contributing factor is the abnormality in tear film dynamics. METHODS Sixteen patients with FES were consecutively examined. Tear film dynamics were evaluated by kinetic tear interference images, infrared thermometry, water evaporation rate, tear break-up time...

The turbulent exchange of water vapor and heat were measured above Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, Canada, using the eddy covariance method for most of the ice-free period in 1997, 1998, and 1999. In all years, evaporation tended to occur in episodic pulses, lasting 52–78 h, between which quiescent periods dominated. The contributions of these evaporation pulses to the measured total e...

Producing polymeric or hybrid microfluidic devices operating at high temperatures with reduced or no water evaporation is a challenge for many on-chip applications including polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We study sample evaporation in polymeric and hybrid devices, realized by glass microchannels for avoiding water diffusion toward the elastomer used for chip fabrication. The method dramatica...

High energy fluxes on first wall materials and other c~ponents are encountered in magnetic fusion devices, particularly during hard plasma disruptions. A model to predict evaporation and melting is described which contains a formulation of the evaporation kinetics based on transport theory results. The effect of vapor shielding is evaluated under the assumption that plasma ions slowed down in t...