A common assumption of political economy is that profit rates across firms or sectors tend to uniformity, and often models are formulated in which this tendency is assumed to have been realised. But in reality this tendency is never realised and the distribution of firm profits is not degenerate but skewed to the right. The mode is less than the mean and super-profits are present. To understand...

A number of writers have supposed that for the full specification of belief, higher order probabilities are required. Some have even supposed that there may be an unending sequence of higher order probabilities of probabilities of probabilities.... In the present paper we show that higher order probabilities can always be replaced by the marginal distributions of joint probability distributions...

This paper is an investigation of LF-copies created by scrambling in the context of FNQ-constructions. It demonstrates that movement leaves a copy at LF only when it targets a position within the next search space; it does not leave an LF copy if movement takes place too close within a single domain of search space. By characterizing this in terms of “Distinctness of Copies,” this paper provide...

We consider a generalized version of a directionally reinforced random walk, which was originally introduced by Mauldin, Monticino, and von Weizsäcker in [20]. Our main result is a stable limit theorem for the position of the random walk in higher dimensions. This extends a result of Horváth and Shao [13] that was previously obtained in dimension one only (however, in a more stringent functiona...

This paper describes XRCE’s participation in Large Scale Visual Concept Detection and Annotation Task [16] and Photo Retrieval Task [17] of ImageCLEF 2009. Those tasks both use a new collection which is different and which is much larger than the ones used in past sessions. Moreover, new kinds of challenge to tackle were designed such as new categories to detect or new types of topic to deal wi...

Although the Box–Cox transformation provides a flexible functional form for regression models, its applicability is often hampered by the difficulty of choosing an appropriate value for the Box–Cox parameter. This paper presents an explicit variance formula for the Box–Cox estimator of the functional form, from which the analytical behavior of the estimator and its precision can be assessed.  ...

This paper considers the evaluation of the average treatment effect of a binary endogenous regressor on a binary outcome when one imposes a threshold crossing model on both the endogenous regressor and the outcome variable but without imposing parametric functional form or distributional assumptions. Without parametric restrictions, the average effect of the binary endogenous variable is not ge...

Regular consumer demand systems almost invariably employ specifications that involve common functional forms in all equations. When applications involve crosssectional data it is often the case that demographic effects are important. However it is plausible that demographic effects are commodity-specific. In this case, there may be a loss of efficiency if a common functional form across commodi...

Small regulatory RNAs are a class of non-coding RNAs that function primarily as negative regulators of other RNA transcripts. The principal members of this class are microRNAs and siRNAs, which are involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing. These small RNAs, which in their functional form are singlestranded and ~22 nucleotides in length, guide a gene silencing complex to an mRNA by comple...

This paper reviews critiques of the Human Development Report over the last twenty years. The critiques are mostly related to the choice of indicators, to high correlation of HDI components, functional form of the HDI including normalization of component indicators, aggregation vs. multiplication, and issues related to weighting. A thorough analysis of the critiques leads us to a proposal for mo...