Skarin, A. 2006. Reindeer use of alpine summer habitats. Doctoral dissertation. Alpine areas in the Scandinavian mountain region are used for grazing by semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) during the snow-free season. These areas are also used for outdoor recreation and tourism. In summer the reindeer seek nutritive forage and relief from insect harassment during warm weathe...

The Pacific Crest Trail is a National Scenic that runs from Mexico to Canada. Use of the (PCT) has increased in past 20 years. It important understand how an increase use can impact environment and sustainable practices, land management hiker experience. Participants included 15 managers California 25 thru-hikers who completed PCT. In-depth interviews were conducted, participants asked question...

1. Introduction. Individual-based models (IBM's) are increasingly used to simulate natural resources and their response to management and exploitation. Many IBM's represent animal populations, but others (mainly unpublished) simulate how fishing regulations affect fish populations and harvest (including models with fishing boats simulated as individuals), interactions among recreational boaters...

Besides forests’ ecosystem services related to biomass production, water cycling, air quality, as well as their cultural and recreational uses, forests also play a key role in term of biodiversity. However, a full understanding of this forest biodiversity is not so easy, even for the forest managers and hikers. Indeed, most visible biodiversity related to forest cover and its associated fauna i...

Long distance hikers' information practices are considered via an ‘in-field’ methodology that generated rich experiential data. Participants documented and reflected on their experiences use of mobile digital technology while undertaking a two-week coast-to-coast walk across the Scottish Highlands. Empirical evidence adoption by backpackers, implications this has for interactions is scarce. “Re...

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) still represents an unanticipated and catastrophic event eliciting from causes. SCD is the leading cause of non-traumatic deaths during downhill skiing mountain hiking, related to fact that these sports are very popular among elderly people. Annually, more than 40 million skiers hikers/climbers visit mountainous regions Alps, including increasing number individuals wi...

Leisure time and its quality use is becoming increasingly important in society. We can spend it primarily on physical activity, which offer many options, as provides an entertainment has a complex effect our mental health. Walking basis for hiking the most accessible form of activity. Hiking known low-level adventure making popular, therefore, presents tourism product around world. The aim impr...