The so-called " Yunani Hikmat," or the old Greek system of medicine as practised in India, though very imperfect and irrational in many points, is not altogether so absurd as those unacquainted with it hold it to be. No one can deny for a moment the immense superiority of the present European medical science over the old rudiments : nor can any one ever think of adhering to some of the old teac...

Suhrawardi was a philosopher and Sufi who robustly influenced the development of sciences. With his philosophy illumination (Hikmah al-Ishraq), he proposed concept hudhuri epistemology by which fought against domination rationalistic skeptical peripatetic that ultimately negated all forms metaphysics. This paper aims to reveal Suhrawardi's epistemology, anxiety criticism validity problem philos...

the mulla sadra’s ontological system and all his innovations in thisfield is based on the theory of the “primacy of existence” and “nonprimacyof quiddity”. the accuracy and validity of this theorydepends on the soundness of his arguments for primacy of existenceand his responses to the criticism and related doubts. through ananalytic approach, this article addresses sadra’s responses to theshai...

search for the cup of jamshid from me, years my heart made. and for what it possessed, from a stranger, entreaty made. a jewel that is beyond the shell of existence and of time, from those lost on the shore of the sea, search it made. last night, i took my difficulty to the pir of the magians. who, by strengthening of sight, the solving of sublety made. him, happy, laughing, wine-goblet in hand...

This study discusses the way in determining ‘illat through munasabah method proposed by Imam al-Ghazali perspective of Islamic law. The focuses on two main problems: identification and legal formulation to utilize hikmat obtain according al-Ghazali. normative research used a history approach as an analytical tool examine scholars’ thoughts concepts, theories ways doing istinbath. concluded that...

Abstract. This article examines two issues in Ecclesiastes 12:12, namely making (many) books and learning. “Learning”and“writing practice”areprevalent thought literature the Ancient Near East. Qohelet's perspective, particularly related to “writing books”and“learning,”is a genre of wisdom that can be easily found corpus Old Testament Wisdom Literature books. The imperative form intention Qohele...

1 In keeping with our efforts to cover the lifespan in this special section of the newsletter, we have invited contributions that focus on sport and physical activity in children, adolescents, and adults. The goal of this issue is to highlight the range of approaches to studying sport and exercise used across disciplines and cultural settings, including reports from Egypt, Europe, Canada, and t...