This paper introduces the idea of a non-kinship-based Universal-family firm, an organizational form we developed based on interpreting historical writings in their socio-economic context. We analyzed Luke’s gospel with an eye toward drawing implications for the stewardship-agency debate in the contemporary family business literature. Our paper makes contributions at two important levels. In add...

For quantitative determination of lignin, we have invasive (gravimetric determination i. e. ASTM, TAPPI, SCAN) and non-invasive methods on our disposal. Invasive methods are not suitable for historical documents. On the other hand, several spectroscopic techniques are in use, based on IR and UV spectroscopy. The absorption of light of λ > 300 310 nm by pure cellulose is minimal and most UVspect...

This paper presents a scheme for generating paper texture of historical documents. A new entropy based segmentation algorithm is used to decompose the image of documents into the image of the paper background and the printing of the document. Statistical analysis allows filling in the gaps from the printing, yielding a blank sheet of paper with similar texture to the original document.

Hypermasculinity and hyperfemininity are two gender-specific personality dimensions that represent adherence to extremely traditional gender-role ideologies. The present studies were conducted to develop and validate a gender-neutral measure of adherence to these extreme stereotypic gender beliefs. From a pool of 142 potential items, item analyses resulted in an internally consistent 57-item Hy...

one of the principal challenges before economical progress and development is governmental monopoly and economical structure. the root of this dilemma is from historical backgrounds and codification our constitution. upon article 44 all of the important economical activities in especial foreign trade belong to the government. but at the end of this article; there is an important clause; it says...

the art of carpet weaving has undergone changes during the course of history. this ancient art has gradually found its place among other branches of art due to its artistic and consumer characteristics. the art of carpet weaving has heavily influenced other fields like painting for its elegant ornamentation. this paper will elaborate on the widespread relations between persian and italian art d...

In this paper, we propose a novel junction detection method in handwritten images, which uses the stroke-length distribution in every direction around a reference point inside the ink of texts. Our proposed junction detection method is simple and efficient, and yields a junction feature in a natural manner, which can be considered as a local descriptor. We apply our proposed junction detector t...

Congenital and acquired forms of paralysis have usually been left in the hands of the family physician, supplemented by occasional visits to the nerve specialist or the shop for orthopsedic appliances ; and the treatment has been on the routine lines of electricitj* in some form, massage, hydrotherapeutics and nervine tonics. Hitherto the ordinary surgeon has shunned this class of case as much ...

Hundreds of millions of pages of microfilmed historical documents are not being digitised at this time due to insufficient individual demand to garner appropriate commercial attention and investment. This paper demonstrates that the cost of digitisation and online delivery can be lowered dramatically using a novel application of recent technological advancements in imaging, data processing and ...