Looking back into the history of mankind, one is often startled to find the emergence of some outstanding personalities at different intervals of time. Their thoughts and futuristic viewpoints revolutionized the existing perspective in the fields of science, philosophy and social order. The embodiment of such a personality in the field of medicine was Samuel Christian Friedrich Hahnemann, the f...

Tics are involuntary movements of the skeletal musculature involving functionally related muscle groups. They are sudden, unexpected, brief contractions, of variable intensity, repeated at irregular intervals, and occur in descending order of frequency from the cephalic to the caudal extremity. They increase in severity during emotional excitement, decrease as a result of distraction or concent...

This is an examination of the interlocking ideas and lives of Hahnemann and Goethe, who never met, although the latter was influenced by the former. Goethe was the major inspiration for Steiner and so for anthroposophical medicine. Anthroposophy and homœopathy seem to be inextricably linked through the writings and practice of a number of physicians, including European refugees to Britain. Anth...

In this paper the UK civil servant directly responsible for managing the action research programme Active Learning for Active Citizenship (ALAC), sets out in brief the policy context within which the programme developed. He explains how concepts of active citizenship and community development were brought together in the early 21st century by the British Government, in a programme of 'civil ren...

Although Owatonna, Minnesota, enjoyed a limited amount of social library provision from the mid-nineteenth century onward, it was not until the 1890s that pressure mounted for a public library to be established under the terms of the State Library Act of 1879. The opportunity to provide a public library arose with a bequest from Mr. and Mrs. Elisha Hunewill, who had run a hardware business in t...

I present a model of the emergence and evolution of governance, conceived (narrowly) as the continuous resolution of dyadic conflicts by a third party. The model is comprised of three core elements: normative structure, dyadic contracting, and triadic dispute resolution. I demonstrate that a move to triadic dispute resolution leads the triadic dispute resolver to construct, and then to manage, ...