in studies on teratogenesis. Fetuses afflicted with holoprosencephaly, including varying degrees of such malformations as pituitary agenesis, cyclocephaly, cyclopia and monorhinia, can be obtained by administering triparanol or AY 9944 which inhibits cholesterol synthesis. A large number of fetuses have a minor form of holoprosencephaly, i.e. limited to isolated hypophyseal agenesis. We used th...

CONTEXT Holoprosencephaly affects 1 in 8,000 live births and is the most common structural anomaly of the developing forebrain, resulting in facial dysmorphism, neurologic impairment, and additional clinical sequelae. Given the increasing relative contribution of genetic diseases to perinatal morbidity and mortality in India, proper recognition and management of holoprosencephaly can improve ca...

Holoprosencephaly is a heterogeneous developmental malformation of the central nervous system characterized by impaired forebrain cleavage, midline facial anomalies and wide phenotypic variation. Indeed, microforms represent the mildest manifestation, associated with facial anomalies but an intact central nervous system. In many cases, perturbations in sonic hedgehog signaling are responsible f...

Cebocephaly is a very rare congenital midline facial anomaly characterized by a blind-ended single nostril and ocular hypotelorism, and is usually combined with alobar holoprosencephaly. We report here a case of alobar holoprosencephaly with cebocephaly and craniosynostosis. Chromosomal analysis revealed normal karyotyping. The facial dysmorphism was characterized by the single nostril, hypotel...

An 8-month-old infant presented to our hospital with global developmental delay. MRI brain findings revealed the diagnosis of syntelencephaly (figure, A–C). Syntelencephaly, a distinct subset of holoprosencephaly,1 is a rare brain malformation in which the hemispheric fusion does not occur at rostral forebrain but rather across posterior frontal region; hence the alternative term “middle interh...

Holoprosencephaly (HPE) is a complex brain malformation resulting from incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon, occurring between the 18th and the 28th day of gestation and affecting both the forebrain and the face. It is estimated to occur in 1/16,000 live births and 1/250 conceptuses. Three ranges of increasing severity are described: lobar, semi-lobar and alobar HPE. Another milder subtype...

Holoprosencephaly is a rare intracranial abnormality. The incidence of holoprsencephaly is between 0.56-0.63 of 10,000 live-born infants10. It has classified into three degrees, alobar, semilobar and lobar. In this case report we are introducing a case of Holoprosencephaly, in 13 weeks of pregnancy which was twin. We could identified this abnormality and the reduction was done in the appropriat...

Holoprosencephaly, a disorder resulting from failure of cleavage or incomplete differentiation of the forebrain structures at various levels or to various degrees, is related to hereditary factors, chromosomal anomalies, cytogenetic abnormalities, and environmental teratogenic factors. We report on 2 cases of alobar holoprosencephaly, with similar physical findings, including microcephaly, micr...

We report two fetuses with hydrocephalus, features of holoprosencephaly, and postaxial polydactyly born to a consanguineous Mexican-American couple. The phenotype is consistent with the hydrolethalus syndrome, although holoprosencephaly has not previously been seen in this condition. We believe other similar cases with a trisomy 13 phenotype but normal chromosomes may also have the hydrolethalu...

OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and outcome of fetuses with holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis diagnosed at 11-13 weeks of gestation. METHODS As part of a prospective screening study for trisomy 21 in singleton pregnancies at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation, transabdominal ultrasound examination was performed to diagnose holoprosencephaly, exomphalos and megacystis. Fetal ka...