Embryological consideration.?In the early stage of development the axis of kidney is vertical and pelvis is anterior. Shortly thereafter pelvis rotates medially and upper pole of the kidney lateralwards. If there is too much rotation and both the kidneys are placed horizontally, horse-shoe shaped kidney may develope. At about 8th week of foetal life the kidney approaches its relative position a...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether a shoe with an axialcontoured lateral branch would induce greater lateral roll of the forelimb hoof during the time between heel and toe lift-off at end of the stance phase (breakover). Animals-10 adult horses. PROCEDURE A gyroscopic transducer was placed on the hoof of the right forelimb and connected to a transmitter. Data on hoof angular velocity were collect...

Duplication anomalies are quite common with ureteral duplication anomalies being the most frequent. Despite the relatively frequent incidence of a horseshoe kidney and duplication anomalies in any individual patient, the combination of horseshoe kidney and bilateral ureteric duplication is a very rare entity and very few cases have been reported to date. We present a case of a patient with nove...

OBJECTIVE To review our experience of PCNL in horse shoe kidneys. METHODS Between June 2001 and January 2005 we performed PCNL in 16 Horse shoe kidneys in 14 patients with calculi, 2 patients had bilateral calculi. Percutaneous puncture was made with patient in prone position. Their ages ranged between 4 to 52 years with a mean age of 26.3 years. Our mean stone burden was 820 mm2 (range 40-13...

Results: Sixteen (76.16%) subjects were man and 5 (23.80%) were women, with the mean age of 35 ± 12 years. Mean stone size was 37.2 ± 16.6 mm. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy was performed because of the stone size (over 20 mm) in 18 (85.68%) and failed SWL in 3 (14.28%). Stone numbers were more than one in 18 (85.68%) subjects, and were in the pelvis and at least one calyx. The most common access...

The following case appears to be worthy 01 record on account of the rarity of renal stones in females and also because of the condition revealed afterwards. The patient, a Hindu child-widow, aged about 40 years, was admitted to the Java Arogya Hospital, Gwalior, on 8th March, 1931, complaining of a tumour in the abdomen of four months' duration. There was nothing of note in the personal history...