Abstract When using a PIG (Penning Ion Gauge) type ion source for production of negative ions, these ions must be extracted from hole on the side anode cylinder, perpendicularly to magnetic field plasma confinement. As result, unnecessary deflection force works beam. This study aims improve extraction efficiency cold-cathode negative-ion source. The idea is reduce beam loss by cancelling stray ...

Due to their highly reversible capacity, tin-sulfide-basedmaterials have gained attention as potential anodes for sodium-ion and lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the performance of tin sulfide anodes is much lower than that of tin oxide anodes. The aim of the present investigation is to improve the electrochemical performances of SnS anodes for sodium-ion batteries using conventional organi...

Behavior of the xenon dispenser hollow cathode is complex, exhibiting high through-anode ion emission, unusual particle energy distributions, and high plume erosion rates. The device may find new application as an ion micro-thruster. A flight-type hollow cathode was characterized using several diagnostic methods. Measurements involved a retarding potential analyzer, quadrupole mass spectrometer...

The effect on the operation of a vacuum diode of a spatially varying distribution of free electrons, commonly called space charge, was first considered by Child [1] and Langmuir [2]. In that example electrons are released from a hot cathode at low velocity, and then drift freely under the influence of the local electric field as modified by the drifting electrons. In this problem, deduce the st...

The behavior of a hollow cathode operated within an ion thruster discharge chamber is characterized using a remotely located, charged-particle analyzer. A very complex structure of the ion energy distribution function is revealed that is in general agreement with previous observations from many earlier works. Observations, which are in general agreement with the literature, include the measurem...

Much progress has been made on understanding static equilibrium properties of gauge theories at finite temperature. This includes perturbative results valid at asymptotically high temperature [1–4], as well as accurate results on phase structure, thermodynamics, correlation lengths and other observables from numerical simulations [5]. Far less progress has been made on dynamic properties of hot...

Results from the extended life test of the Deep Space One flight spare ion engine show that enlargement of the discharge cathode assembly orifice due to erosion of the orifice by ion bombardment limits the throughput of the ion thruster, and therefore limits its operational lifetime to approximately three years. Future deep-space missions will require significantly longer operational lifetime, ...

Although classical electrostatic plasma probes can provide detailed information regarding electrons and ions, these devices rely on charge-carrying particles both for energy filtering and detection Neutral particles are transparent to such diagnostics. In light of this a new probe design was developed to provide a measurement of the neutral particle flux component of a flowing plasma. The simpl...

Although classical electrostatic plasma probes can provide detailed information regarding electrons and ions, these devices rely on charge-carrying particles both for energy filtering and for detection. Neutral particles are transparent to such diagnostics. In light of this a new probe design was developed to provide a measurement of the neutral particle flux component of a flowing plasma. The ...