CONTEXT Endemic area and iodine supplementation may affect the pathogenesis of the nodule which commonly occurs in endemic thyroid enlargement due to iodine deficiency. AIMS To establish pathological changes in solitary solid and larger nodule of the thyroid in endemic area. SETTING AND DESIGN Retrospective study in Surgical Department of University Hospital. METHODS AND MATERIAL We deter...

Hyperfunctioning nodules of the thyroid are thought to only rarely harbor thyroid cancer, and thus are infrequently biopsied. Here, we present the case of a patient with a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule harboring thyroid carcinoma and, using MEDLINE literature searches, set out to determine the prevalence of and characteristics of malignant "hot" nodules as a group. Historical, biochemical and...

Thyroid carcinoma is not uncommon in patients with hyperthyroidism. However, the risk of malignancy in patients with autonomously functioning nodules continues to be underestimated in clinical practice, possibly due to the belief of rare co-existence of a "hot" nodule and thyroid carcinoma. We present hereby a man with hyperthyroidism due to a thyroid toxic adenoma, who was subjected to surgery...

Solitary thyroid nodules are commonly seen in surgical outpatient clinics. A detailed history and a careful physical examination are essential. In the management of the solitary thyroid nodule, fine needle aspiration cytology has become the cornerstone investigation. Ultrasound cannot differentiate between benign and malignant nodules, however is useful in the follow-up period to identify any f...

The simple nodular goiter, the etiology of which is multifactorial, encompasses the spectrum from the incidental asymptomatic small solitary nodule to the large intrathoracic goiter, causing pressure symptoms as well as cosmetic complaints. Its management is still the cause of considerable controversy. The mainstay in the diagnostic evaluation is related to functional and morphological characte...

Objective: To evaluate the contribution of 131I scintigraphy and ultrasonography to the prediction of malignancy in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology in euthyroid patients. Subjects and methods: The sample consisted of 102 patients with thyroid nodules, submitted to FNAC and presenting an indeterminate cytological diagnosis (follicular neoplasm). Results: Malignancy was observed in 19...

Thyroid nodules are uncommon in children (1.5%). However, the incidence of thyroid carcinoma in childhood thyroid nodules (26.4%) is 3-4 folds higher than in adults. Autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) or hot nodules account for less than 3% of hyperthyroidism in children and carry a small risk of malignancy (2-5%). The majority of malignant hot nodules are papillary thyroid carcino...

Thyrotropin (TSH) is the prime regulator of thyroid cell growth and function and acts through the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) located on the surface membrane of thyrocytes. Somatic heterozygous mutations that cause TSHR activation in the absence of TSH have been found in toxic adenomas and in hot nodules of multinodular goiters. Clinically and histologically heterogeneous nodules can share comm...