BACKGROUND Primary hyperaldosteronism may be associated with elevated 24-hour urinary potassium excretion. We evaluated the diagnostic value of spot urine (SU) potassium as an index of 24-hour urinary potassium excretion. METHODS We measured SU and 24-hour urinary collection potassium and creatinine in 382 patients. Correlations between SU and 24-hour collections were assessed for potassium l...

Spermatozoa morphology, ultrastructure, and spermatozoa motility traits were studied in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) after activation in various media (AM 1 – 45mM NaCl, 5mM KCl, 20mM Tris, pH 8.5; AM 2 – 100mM sucrose, 20mM Tris, pH 8.5; AM 3 – 100mM sucrose, 1mM CaCl2, 20mM Tris, pH 8.5) during a 48-hour storage period. The spermatozoon was acrosomeless and differentiated into a spherical nu...

Elevation of cyclic AMP (cAMP) content in perfused rat hearts by exposure to glucagon, forskolin, and 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (IBMX) increased rates of protein synthesis during the second hour of perfusion with buffer that contained glucose in the absence of added insulin. When tetrodotoxin was added to arrest contractile activity, glucagon, forskolin, and IBMX still elevated cAMP content a...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic effect and the oxidative stress effect of 9 and 18 hour hyperbaric oxygenation therapy (HBOT) protocols on the earliest stage of acute permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. METHODS The permanent MCAO model of rats was used. The animals were randomly divided into 9 and 18 hour HBOT groups, as well as a control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEA...

Protracted periods of increased cortisol production, as may be seen in an acute illness, may lead to transient hyperglycemia. Increasing evidence suggests that cortisol may then mediate the development of insulin resistance and potentially lead to the development of overt diabetes. Evidence in animal studies also suggests that under conditions of stress Ginkgo biloba extract could reduce plasma...

BACKGROUND Previous data have shown that ghrelin-induced growth hormone (GH) secretion is augmented in women by exogenous but not by endogenous estrogens. The purpose of this study was to examine the response of GH to low-dose scheme of ghrelin administration in relation to physiological changes in estradiol levels during the normal menstrual cycle. METHODS Ten normally cycling women were stu...

the purpose of this paper is multi-objective optimization of refrigeration cycle by optimization of all components of the cycle contains heat exchangers, air condenser, evaporator and super-heater. studied refrigeration cycle is compression refrigeration cycle of unit 132 third refineries in south pars that provide chilled water for cooling refinery equipment's. cycle will be performed by ...

Clean water is one of the most significant challenges for our society. Efficient reuse effluent after treatment can becomes an effective solution to shortage resources. The focus this study investigate use Eichhornia crassipes plants post clarified municipal residential sewage under natural conditions using a small pilot Laboratory Water Hyacinth Clarifier system. Twelve are used total phosphor...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CSF fluid dynamics in healthy subjects and patients with Chiari I have been characterized during rest with phase-contrast MR imaging and CFD. CSF flow velocities and pressures in the nonresting state have not been adequately characterized. We used computer simulations to study CSF dynamics during increased heart rates in the normal and Chiari I subarachnoid space. MATER...

Objective: To compare the incidence rate of carboplatin hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) in gynecologic cancer patients receiving one-hour or two-hour carboplatin retreatment infusions. Setting: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Methods: Recurrent gynecologic cancer patients 25 to 80-years of age who were scheduled to receive carboplatin retreatment after previously receiving at least...