During limb development, posterior Hox genes of the Hoxa- and Hoxd cluster provide positional information along the limb axis. Here we report a new function for Hoxa11 and Hoxd11 in regulating the early steps of chondrocyte differentiation. We analyzed forelimbs of Hoxa11(-/-);d11(-/-) and Ulnaless mice, which are characterized by specifically shortened zeugopods. By detailed morphological and ...

BACKGROUND HOXA11 and HOXA10 are expressed in endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and show a dramatic increase during the mid-luteal phase at the time of implantation. The expression of these genes is decreased in women with myomas. OBJECTIVE To determine whether myomectomy would reverse HOXA11 and HOXA10 expression, we evaluated the transcript levels of these genes in the endometria o...

The Hox genes encode a group of transcription factors essential for proper development of the mouse. Targeted mutation of the Hoxd11 gene causes reduced male fertility, vertebral transformation, carpal bone fusions, and reductions in digit length. A duplication of the Hoxd11 gene was created with the expectation that the consequences of restricted overexpression in the appropriate cells would p...

DNA hypermethylation plays important roles in carcinogenesis by silencing key genes. The goal of our study was to identify pivotal genes using MethyLight and assessed their diagnostic and prognostic values in lung adenocarcinoma (AD). In the present study, we detected DNA methylation at sixteen loci promoter regions in twenty one pairs of primary human lung AD tissues and adjacent non-tumor lun...

HOX genes convey positional identity that leads to the proper partitioning and adult identity of the female reproductive track. Abnormalities in reproductive tract development can be caused by HOX gene mutations or altered HOX gene expression. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) and other endocrine disruptors cause Müllerian defects by changing HOX gene expression. HOX genes are also essential regulators ...

delayed chondrocyte differentiation since Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is not expressed in the ulna of Ulnaless or Hoxa11//d11/ mice. Fibroblast growth factor 3 (Fgfr3), which is expressed at low levels in distal cells and at high levels in columnar chondrocytes, shows low expression in the Ulnaless and Hoxa11//d11/ zeugopod resembling the expression level in distal chondrocytes. However, the Unique c...

HoxA genes encode for important DNA-binding transcription factors that act during limb development, regulating primarily gene expression and, consequently, morphogenesis and skeletal differentiation. Within these genes, HoxA11 and HoxA13 were proposed to have played an essential role in the enigmatic evolutionary transition from fish fins to tetrapod limbs. Indeed, comparative gene expression a...

BACKGROUND HOXA11 and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and basic transcriptional element binding protein1 (BTEB1) are expressed in endometrium throughout the menstrual cycle and show a dramatic increase during the mid-luteal phase at the time of implantation. In this case-control study, the expression pattern of these mRNA was evaluated in patients with endometriosis at the time of implantation...

delayed chondrocyte differentiation since Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is not expressed in the ulna of Ulnaless or Hoxa11//d11/ mice. Fibroblast growth factor 3 (Fgfr3), which is expressed at low levels in distal cells and at high levels in columnar chondrocytes, shows low expression in the Ulnaless and Hoxa11//d11/ zeugopod resembling the expression level in distal chondrocytes. However, the Unique c...

delayed chondrocyte differentiation since Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is not expressed in the ulna of Ulnaless or Hoxa11//d11/ mice. Fibroblast growth factor 3 (Fgfr3), which is expressed at low levels in distal cells and at high levels in columnar chondrocytes, shows low expression in the Ulnaless and Hoxa11//d11/ zeugopod resembling the expression level in distal chondrocytes. However, the Unique c...