Tuberculosis (TB) cellular immune responses were examined in the breast milk of human immunodeficiency virus infected mothers using the T-SPOT. TB interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Positive TB interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) responses were detected in 6 of 8 (75%) valid breast milk assays. Among 7 mothers with paired breast milk and blood assays, TB IFN-γ responses were higher in breast milk than...

Human breast milk is recognized as one of multiple important sources of commensal bacteria for infant gut. Previous studies searched for the bacterial strains shared between breast milk and infant feces by isolating bacteria and performing strain-level bacterial genotyping, but only limited number of milk bacteria were identified to colonize infant gut, including bacteria from Bifidobacterium, ...

The functional capacity of human breast milk phagocytes was evaluated with both bactericidal and biochemical assays. Acridine orange was used as a vital stain for bacteria to directly visualize phagocytosis and killing. Bactericidal capabilities were further examined by colony count and chemiluminescent methods. Cytocentrifuged specimens stained for myeloperoxidase exhibited enzyme activity in ...

It is universally accepted that breast milk is the optimum exclusive source of nutrition for the first six months of life, and may remain part of the healthy infant diet for the first two years of life and beyond. Despite advances in infant formulas, human breast milk provides a bioactive matrix of benefits that cannot be replicated by any other source of nutrition. When the mother's own milk i...

Exclusive breast-feeding until 6 months is advised by the WHO as the best practice to feed infants. Yet, some studies have suggested a gap between energy requirements and the energy provided by human milk for many infants at 6 months. In order to assess the adequacy of WHO recommendations in 6-month-old Senegalese lactating infants, a comprehensive study was designed to measure human milk intak...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence and to analyze factors associated with breast milk donation at primary health care units in order to increase the human milk bank reserves. METHODS Cross-sectional study carried out in 2013 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A representative sample of 695 mothers of children younger than 1 year attended to at the nine primary health care units with human milk dona...

CME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: 1.Review the advantages and disadvantages of donor-banked milk over informal milk sharing.2.List disadvantages of proprietary infant formula for use as supplementation.3.Determine the primary ethical concerns when electing to use donor human milk versus propriety infant formula for supplementation. The benefits of breast-feeding, as well as the risks of some artifici...

in this paper, by using the survival models, survival functions for the time from birth to the event of using formula (i.e. the time that baby in fed by breast milk) in urban and rural areas of takestan (iran, winter 1998) are reported. later the relation between the mentioned time and some factors are also discussed. the kaplan-meire method and cox regression are used in this paper as well. 48...

Background Peanut allergy is known to be one of the most severe food allergies. The aim of our breast milk study was to investigate the transfer of the most potent peanut allergen Ara h 2 into human breast milk in a German cohort. Therefore, the time courses of appearance after ingestion, the potential risk of sensitization to peanuts via breast milk in Germany and, if possible, the way Ara h 2...

Sialic acid (SA) is an important nutrient but few studies have examined the link between dietary intake and breast milk sialic acid. The purpose of this observational study was to assess the potential relationship between human breast milk sialic acid levels and dietary nutrition intake 40 d postpartum. The study population included 90 healthy women who were lactating. Human breast milk SA conc...