the worldwide prevalence of insulin resistant states such as the metabolic syndrome has grown rapidly over the past few decades. the metabolic syndrome is a constellation of common metabolic disorders that promote the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. studies in both human and animal models suggest that hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance are key initiating fact...

In recent years, analogs of human insulin have been engineered with the aim of improving therapy for people with diabetes. To ensure that the safety profile of the human hormone is not compromised by the molecular modifications, the toxico-pharmacological properties of insulin analogs should be carefully monitored. In this study, we compared the insulin and IGF-I receptor binding properties and...

concurrent disorders with diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging subject. our knowledge of the most common concurrent disorders in diabetic dogs may be useful in diagnosis of these disorders and better treatment of diabetic dogs. in this study diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in a 7-year-old male german shepherd dog, based on clinical and laboratory findings. following the diagnosis of...

background: the hepatic secretion of apolipoprotein b (apob), containing lipoproteins, is known to be regulated by insulin, and the overproduction of these atherogenic lipoproteins occurs in insulin-resistant states. protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (ptp-1b) is a key regulator of hepatic insulin signaling and is also upregulated in insulin resistance. we aimed to investigate the role of ptp-1b i...

Background and aims: Laron syndrome is a disease that treated by Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1). This protein is a single chain and has three disulfide bonds. People with Laron syndrome have low rates of cancer and diabetes, although they appear to be at increased risk of casual death due to their stature. IGF-1 is synthesized by many tissues and is secreted from liver as an endocrine hor...